11+ · Topic guide

Verbal Reasoning: Letter Series

A letter series question shows four or five letters, or pairs of letters, that follow a hidden alphabet rule, and asks for the letter or pair that continues the pattern. It tests the ability to spot a constant or changing step between letters in their alphabet positions, similar to a number sequence but using the alphabet instead of numbers. This is a standard GL Assessment-style 11+ verbal reasoning question type.

Year 5-6 (11+)Verbal ReasoningGL AssessmentCEM

Before you start

Make sure you're comfortable with these topics first:

Method

  1. Convert each letter to its position in the alphabet in your head, A=1 up to Z=26, if the jump size is not obvious just by looking.
  2. Find the gap between the first two letters, then check whether that same gap applies between the second and third, and the third and fourth.
  3. If the gap is constant, simply add or subtract that same number of places to find the next letter.
  4. If the gap changes, look for a pattern in how it changes, such as growing by 1 each time, or alternating between two different jumps.
  5. For two-letter pairs, work out the rule for the first letter and the rule for the second letter separately, since they often move by different amounts.
  6. Count carefully through the alphabet on scrap paper if you lose track, especially near tricky stretches like ...W, X, Y, Z.

Worked example

Find the letter that continues the series: E, H, K, N, ( ? )

  1. Find the gap between the first two letters: E to H is a move of 3 places forward in the alphabet, E, F, G, H.
  2. Check the gap between the next pair: H to K is also 3 places forward, and K to N is 3 places forward too, so the rule is add 3 places every time.
  3. Apply the same rule to the last letter, N: counting forward 3 places from N gives N, O, P, Q.
  4. The next letter in the series is Q.

Practice questions

Try each question, then tap to reveal the answer.

Exam-style questions

Written in the style of a 11+ exam paper, with a full mark scheme.

Q1[2 marks]

Find the pair of letters that continues the series: DF, FH, HJ, JL, ( ? ) A) LM B) LN C) KM D) MN E) LO

Q2[3 marks]

Find the pair of letters that continues the series: BY, CX, DW, EV, ( ? ) A) FU B) GU C) FT D) EU E) GT

Q3[4 marks]

Find the pair of letters that continues the series: CD, EG, GJ, IM, ( ? ) A) KP B) JO C) KO D) LP E) KQ

Free printable worksheet

Want more practice on paper? Download the verbal reasoning: letter series worksheet pack - 9 pages of exam-style questions with a full mark scheme. No sign-up, no email wall - just the PDF, free for personal and classroom use.

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