Particle Model of Matter - Worksheets, Questions and Revision

22 original exam-style questions - 12 pages of questions with a full mark scheme - free printable PDF.

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P3 Particle Model of Matter

AQA 8463 · Calculator allowed · about 120 minutes
Total Marks
Name: _______________________________    Date: ____ / ____ / ______
Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.
1
Which of these is a correct unit for density?
(a)Which of these is a correct unit for density?(1)
  • A) kg
  • B) kg/m3
  • C) m3
  • D) N
(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)
2
The particle model represents all substances as being made up of small particles (atoms or molecules).
(a)State the term used to describe the total energy of all the particles in a system (their kinetic energy plus their potential energy).(1)
(b)Describe how the arrangement and the movement of particles differ between a solid and a gas.(4)
(c)State two ways in which the internal energy of a substance can increase when it is heated.(2)
(Total for Question 2 is 7 marks)
3
Which row correctly lists the three states of matter in order of increasing density (lowest to highest), for a typical substance?
(a)Which row correctly lists the three states of matter in order of increasing density (lowest to highest), for a typical substance?(1)
  • A) solid, liquid, gas
  • B) gas, liquid, solid
  • C) liquid, solid, gas
  • D) gas, solid, liquid
(Total for Question 3 is 1 mark)
4
Changes of state have specific names.
(a)Name the change of state when a solid becomes a liquid.(1)
(b)Name the change of state when a liquid becomes a gas below its boiling point, at the surface of the liquid only.(1)
(c)Name the change of state when a gas becomes a liquid.(1)
(d)Name the change of state when a liquid becomes a solid.(1)
(Total for Question 4 is 4 marks)
5
The table shows the density of four liquids that do not mix together: oil = 0.92 g/cm3, water = 1.00 g/cm3, glycerine = 1.26 g/cm3, mercury = 13.6 g/cm3.
(a)State the order in which the four liquids would settle into layers in a tall glass cylinder, from top (least dense) to bottom (most dense).(1)
(b)Give a reason for your answer to part (a).(1)
(Total for Question 5 is 2 marks)
6
A metal cube has sides of length 4.0 cm. The mass of the cube is 500 g.
(a)Calculate the volume of the cube, in cm3.(1)
(b)Calculate the density of the cube. Use: density = mass / volume(2)
(c)The density of aluminium is 2.7 g/cm3. Determine whether the cube could be made from aluminium, giving a reason for your answer using your answer to part (b).(2)
(d)State the SI unit of density.(1)
(Total for Question 6 is 6 marks)
7
A solid substance is heated and its temperature changes.
(a)Convert 15 degC to kelvin. Use: temperature in kelvin (K) = temperature in degC + 273(1)
(b)The solid is heated further until it starts to melt. Explain, in terms of the particle model, why the temperature of the substance does not increase while it is melting, even though energy is still being transferred to it.(3)
(Total for Question 7 is 4 marks)
8
A student measures the density of a salt solution. Mass of empty measuring cylinder = 45.2 g. Mass of measuring cylinder plus 40 cm3 of salt solution = 89.2 g.
(a)Calculate the mass of the salt solution.(1)
(b)Calculate the density of the salt solution, in g/cm3. Use: density = mass / volume(2)
(c)The student repeats the measurement three times and calculates a mean value. Suggest why taking repeat readings improves the reliability of the result.(1)
(Total for Question 8 is 4 marks)
9
Required practical: a student wants to determine the density of an irregular-shaped stone using a displacement method.
(a)Describe a method the student could use to measure the volume of the stone, using a measuring cylinder containing water.(3)
(b)The student records: initial volume = 60 cm3, final volume = 85 cm3, mass of stone = 67.5 g. Calculate the density of the stone.(3)
(c)State one precaution the student could take to improve the accuracy of the volume measurement.(1)
(Total for Question 9 is 7 marks)
10
On a warm, dry day, puddles of water disappear even though the air temperature is well below 100 degC.
(a)State the name of the process by which liquid water turns into water vapour below its boiling point.(1)
(b)Explain, in terms of the particle model, why evaporation causes the temperature of the remaining water to decrease.(3)
(Total for Question 10 is 4 marks)
11
A 2.0 kg block of aluminium is heated from 20 degC to 70 degC. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 900 J/(kg degC). Use: change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature
(a)Calculate the change in temperature of the block.(1)
(b)Calculate the change in thermal energy of the block.(3)
(c)State the type of energy transfer occurring as the aluminium block is heated.(1)
(d)State what is meant by the specific heat capacity of a substance.(2)
(Total for Question 11 is 7 marks)
12
The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 334000 J/kg. Use: thermal energy for a change of state = mass x specific latent heat
(a)Calculate the energy required to melt 0.25 kg of ice at 0 degC.(2)
(b)State why this energy transfer does not cause a change in temperature.(1)
(c)State what is meant by the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance.(2)
(Total for Question 12 is 5 marks)
13
Required practical: a student investigates the specific heat capacity of a metal block using an electrical heater inserted into a hole in the block, together with a thermometer. The block is wrapped in an insulating jacket.
(a)Name one piece of apparatus, other than a thermometer, needed to measure the energy transferred to the block by the heater, and state what quantity it measures.(2)
(b)State one way the experiment could be improved to reduce energy losses to the surroundings.(1)
(c)The student records: mass of block = 1.0 kg, initial temperature = 18 degC, final temperature = 32 degC, energy supplied by the heater = 13300 J. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal. Use: change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature(3)
(d)The accepted value of specific heat capacity for this metal is 900 J/(kg degC). Suggest why the student's calculated value in part (c) is higher than the accepted value.(2)
(e)State the independent variable in this investigation.(1)
(Total for Question 13 is 9 marks)
14
A pure solid substance is heated at a constant rate, from below its melting point until it becomes a gas well above its boiling point. A graph of temperature against time for this process shows two flat (horizontal) sections.
(a)State what each of the two flat sections of the graph represents.(2)
(b)The substance has a greater specific latent heat of vaporisation than specific latent heat of fusion. State which of the two flat sections would last for the greater length of time, assuming the heater transfers energy at a constant rate throughout.(1)
(c)Explain, in terms of energy, why this flat section lasts for longer than the other.(2)
(Total for Question 14 is 5 marks)
15
The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3.
(a)Show that this is equal to 13600 kg/m3.(2)
(b)A steel ship has an overall (average) density less than that of water (1000 kg/m3), even though steel itself has a density of 7850 kg/m3, which is much greater than water. Suggest how the ship is able to float.(2)
(Total for Question 15 is 4 marks)
16
A sealed, rigid container holds a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume.
(a)Explain, in terms of the particle model, what happens to the pressure of the gas as its temperature increases.(4)
(b)State what is meant by absolute zero.(1)
(Total for Question 16 is 5 marks)
17
Two identical, sealed, rigid containers, A and B, each hold the same volume and the same mass of gas. Container A is kept at 20 degC. Container B is kept at 80 degC. Compare, using the particle model, the pressure of the gas in the two containers, and explain any difference.
(Total for Question 17 is 6 marks)
18
A 0.20 kg block of ice at -10 degC is heated until it becomes steam at 100 degC. Specific heat capacity of ice = 2100 J/(kg degC). Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334000 J/kg. Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/(kg degC). Use: change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature, and thermal energy for a change of state = mass x specific latent heat
(a)Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of the ice from -10 degC to 0 degC.(2)
(b)Calculate the energy needed to melt the ice completely at 0 degC.(2)
(c)Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of the water (from the melted ice) from 0 degC to 100 degC.(2)
(d)Using your answers to parts (a) to (c), calculate the total energy required to change the ice at -10 degC into water at 100 degC (just before it starts to boil).(1)
(e)State one reason why the energy actually supplied by a real heater for this process would need to be greater than your answer to part (d).(1)
(Total for Question 18 is 8 marks)
19
A weather balloon contains gas at a pressure of 101 kPa and a volume of 2.50 m3 at ground level. As the balloon rises, the temperature of the gas stays constant, but the pressure falls to 25 kPa. Use the Physics Equations Sheet: pressure x volume = constant (for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature)
(a)Calculate the new volume of the gas in the balloon.(3)
(b)The balloon material can stretch to a maximum volume of 8.0 m3 before it bursts. Calculate the pressure of the gas when the volume reaches 8.0 m3.(3)
(Total for Question 19 is 6 marks)
20
A fixed mass of gas is held in a cylinder fitted with a piston, at constant temperature. Initially, the gas has a volume of 0.040 m3 and a pressure of 150 kPa. The piston is pushed in, decreasing the volume of the gas to 0.024 m3, while the temperature is kept constant. Use the Physics Equations Sheet: pressure x volume = constant
(a)Calculate the pressure of the gas after compression.(3)
(b)Explain, in terms of the particle model, why the pressure of the gas increases when it is compressed at constant temperature.(2)
(Total for Question 20 is 5 marks)
21
The gas in question 20 is compressed by the piston moving in a distance of 0.15 m, under an average force of 2000 N. Use the Physics Equations Sheet: work done = force x distance
(a)Calculate the work done on the gas by the piston.(2)
(b)State the energy transfer that takes place when work is done on the gas, assuming no energy is transferred to the surroundings.(1)
(c)In question 20, the temperature of the gas stayed constant during compression. Explain how this is possible, given your answer to part (b).(2)
(Total for Question 21 is 5 marks)
22
A 0.50 kg block of copper at 95 degC is placed into 0.30 kg of water at 15 degC, in a perfectly insulated container. Specific heat capacity of copper = 385 J/(kg degC). Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/(kg degC). Assume no energy is transferred to the surroundings, and that the copper and water reach the same final temperature.
(a)State the term for the common temperature reached by the copper and the water once no further net energy transfer occurs between them.(1)
(b)Show that the energy transferred by the copper as it cools from 95 degC to a final temperature, θf, is given by: E = 0.5 x 385 x (95 - θf)(1)
(c)Using the principle that the energy transferred by the copper as it cools equals the energy transferred to the water as it warms, form an equation and calculate the final temperature, θf, of the copper and water.(4)
(Total for Question 22 is 6 marks)
Mark scheme · P3 Particle Model of Matter

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22