11+ · Topic guide

Sequences, Patterns and Early Algebra: Practice Set 3

Sequences, Patterns and Early Algebra: Practice Set 3 is a practice set combining number sequences, both term-to-term and position-to-term rules, pattern recognition, and early algebra, including function machines and simple one-step and two-step equations, as tested in the reasoning sections of 11+ maths papers.

Year 5-6 (11+)Maths and Numerical ReasoningGL AssessmentCEM

Before you start

Make sure you're comfortable with these topics first:

Method

  1. For a sequence, find the term-to-term rule first by working out the difference, or ratio, between consecutive terms.
  2. Check the rule is consistent across the whole sequence, not just the first pair of terms, before using it to extend the sequence.
  3. For a position-to-term rule, test it against at least two terms with known positions to confirm it works before applying it to a term far along the sequence.
  4. For a function machine, apply each operation in the order shown to go forwards, and apply the inverse operations in reverse order to work backwards from an output.
  5. For a simple equation, such as 3x + 4 = 19, undo each operation in reverse order, subtract then divide, to isolate the unknown.
  6. Check any algebra answer by substituting it back into the original equation or rule to confirm both sides balance.

Worked example

The position-to-term rule for a sequence is: term = 4 x position + 3. Find the 6th term of the sequence, and find which position has a term equal to 39.

  1. Substitute position = 6 into the rule: term = 4 x 6 + 3.
  2. Calculate: 4 x 6 = 24, then 24 + 3 = 27, so the 6th term is 27.
  3. To find the position of the term 39, set up the equation 4 x position + 3 = 39.
  4. Undo the plus 3 by subtracting 3 from both sides: 4 x position = 36.
  5. Undo the times 4 by dividing both sides by 4: position = 9.
  6. Final answer: the 6th term is 27, and the term 39 is in position 9.

Practice questions

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Q1Find the next two terms in the sequence: 5, 9, 13, 17, ...Show answer

Answer: 21, 25

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Q2The term-to-term rule of a sequence is 'subtract 6', starting at 100. Find the first four terms.Show answer

Answer: 100, 94, 88, 82

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Q3A function machine takes a number, multiplies it by 3, then adds 5. What is the output when the input is 8?Show answer

Answer: 29 (8 x 3 = 24, 24 + 5 = 29)

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Q4Solve: x + 7 = 15.Show answer

Answer: x = 8

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Q5Solve: 5x = 45.Show answer

Answer: x = 9

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Q6Find the position-to-term rule for the sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, ...Show answer

Answer: term = 3 x position - 1 (position 1 gives 3 - 1 = 2, position 2 gives 6 - 1 = 5)

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Exam-style questions

Written in the style of a 11+ exam paper, with a full mark scheme.

Q1[3 marks]

A function machine takes a number, subtracts 4, then multiplies the result by 3. If the output is 27, what was the input number?

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Q2[4 marks]

The position-to-term rule for a sequence is term = 5 x position - 2. A pupil claims the number 48 is a term in this sequence. Is the pupil correct? Show your working and explain your reasoning.

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Free printable worksheet

Want more practice on paper? Download the sequences, patterns and early algebra: practice set 3 worksheet pack - 10 pages of exam-style questions with a full mark scheme. One email opens every download in this browser for 14 days - no account, no card. Print it for personal and classroom use.

This topic is chapter 15 of 11+ Maths Workbook 2, the whole course as one free printable PDF.

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