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GCSE · Causes and Effects of Poverty in the Developing World

RS.TF9 Causes and Effects of Poverty in the Developing World

AQA 8062 · Calculators not allowed · about 50 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.

Which one of the following is a direct cause of poverty in the developing world, as discussed in the theme on causes and effects of poverty?

A. A long period of political stability and strong public services
B. War and armed conflict in a region
C. Universal access to high quality education
D. An extremely high average income per person

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

Give two effects of poverty on individuals in a rural developing-community context.

(Total for Question 2 is 2 marks)

Explain two causes of poverty in the developing world, naming causes such as war, famine, natural disaster or unjust distribution of wealth, and show brief development of each point.

(Total for Question 3 is 4 marks)

Explain two effects of poverty on communities in the developing world, such as increased disease, instability or reduced educational provision. Give a reasoned development for each effect.

(Total for Question 4 is 4 marks)

Explain two contrasting religious beliefs about how poverty should be tackled. Refer to sacred writings or another source of religious belief and teaching in your answer, for example a Christian or Islamic source.

(Total for Question 5 is 5 marks)

Give two examples of short-term emergency aid sent to a region after a natural disaster, in the context of global responses to poverty and crisis.

(Total for Question 6 is 2 marks)

Give two examples of long-term development aid projects designed to reduce poverty in the developing world, naming projects such as microfinance, clean water schemes or education projects.

(Total for Question 7 is 2 marks)

Explain two reasons why natural disasters can lead to long-term poverty in a developing country, giving a developed explanation for each reason.

(Total for Question 8 is 4 marks)

State two effects of poverty on education in a developing-world community context, naming the specific educational impact for each.

(Total for Question 9 is 2 marks)

Explain two ways a named Christian relief agency, such as CAFOD or Christian Aid, might respond to both emergency and long-term development needs in a poor region. Give developed detail for each way.

(Total for Question 10 is 4 marks)

Give three effects of poverty on health in a developing-world community, naming each specific health effect.

(Total for Question 11 is 3 marks)

Evaluate the view that short-term aid does more harm than good when responding to poverty in the developing world. In your answer you should give reasoned arguments to support this statement, give reasoned arguments to support a different point of view, refer to religious arguments and/or sources, and reach a justified conclusion. Include correct spelling, punctuation and grammar where appropriate for up to 3 SPaG marks.

(Total for Question 12 is 15 marks)

Mark scheme · RS.TF9 Causes and Effects of Poverty in the Developing World

Question 1

B1 selecting B, war and armed conflict is a direct cause of poverty
Answer: B

Question 2

B1 effect 1: hunger or food insecurity, oe
B1 effect 2: lack of access to education, oe
Answer: Any two distinct effects, for example: hunger/food insecurity; lack of access to education.

Question 3

B1 point 1: e.g. war and armed conflict disrupt farming and trade, causing loss of incomes, oe
B1 development of point 1: further detail such as destruction of infrastructure and displacement of people, oe
B1 point 2: e.g. unequal or unjust distribution of wealth leaves many without resources, oe
B1 development of point 2: further detail such as corrupt governments or unfair international trade reducing local opportunity, oe
Answer: E.g. war disrupts farming, destroys infrastructure and displaces people; unjust distribution of wealth leaves many without resources when elites control land or income, reducing access to services.

Question 4

B1 effect 1: e.g. increased disease due to poor sanitation and lack of healthcare, oe
B1 development of effect 1: further detail such as outbreaks reducing productivity and harming children, oe
B1 effect 2: e.g. social and political instability as poverty fuels conflict and crime, oe
B1 development of effect 2: further detail such as weakened trust in institutions and migration pressures, oe
Answer: E.g. poor sanitation and lack of healthcare increase disease, which lowers productivity and harms children; poverty can fuel instability, crime and migration, weakening community cohesion.

Question 5

B1 belief 1: e.g. many Christians believe in charity and helping the poor directly, oe
B1 development 1: reference to a source, e.g. Matthew 25:35-40 about feeding the hungry and helping those in need, with explanation, oe
B1 belief 2: e.g. many Muslims emphasise the obligation of zakat and structured giving to reduce poverty, oe
B1 development 2: reference to a source, e.g. Quranic teaching on giving and zakat as a duty, with explanation, oe
B1 award 1 mark for correctly making the contrast between the two beliefs, oe
Answer: E.g. Christian emphasis on voluntary charity and helping 'the least of these' (Matthew 25:35-40) contrasted with Islamic obligation of zakat as a duty to redistribute wealth; each view should be supported by the scripture reference and explanation.

Question 6

B1 example 1: emergency food supplies or food parcels, oe
B1 example 2: temporary shelter, tents or emergency housing, oe
Answer: Any two distinct short-term emergency aids, e.g. emergency food supplies; temporary shelter such as tents.

Question 7

B1 example 1: microfinance loans to small businesses, oe
B1 example 2: building wells or clean water and sanitation systems, oe
Answer: Any two long-term projects, e.g. microfinance for small entrepreneurs; clean water and sanitation schemes.

Question 8

B1 reason 1: destruction of crops and farmland leads to food shortages and loss of income for farmers, oe
B1 development of reason 1: further detail such as erosion of savings, debt and inability to invest in next season, oe
B1 reason 2: damage to roads and hospitals reduces access to markets and healthcare, slowing recovery, oe
B1 development of reason 2: further detail such as businesses closing and children leaving school, oe
Answer: E.g. crops destroyed reduce food and income, leading to debt and long-term vulnerability; damaged infrastructure stops trade and healthcare, preventing economic recovery and worsening poverty.

Question 9

B1 effect 1: children may leave school to work and support their family, oe
B1 effect 2: lack of funding leads to few schools or poorly trained teachers, oe
Answer: Any two educational effects, e.g. children leaving school to work; lack of schools or poorly trained teachers due to funding shortages.

Question 10

B1 way 1: emergency response, e.g. CAFOD may run disaster appeals to send food, medical kits and temporary shelter, oe
B1 development of way 1: further detail such as rapid logistics and partnering with local agencies to reach people quickly, oe
B1 way 2: long-term development, e.g. Christian Aid may fund community projects like clean water, schools or livelihoods training, oe
B1 development of way 2: further detail such as training local people, supporting small business and monitoring sustainability, oe
Answer: E.g. CAFOD runs disaster appeals supplying emergency food and shelter with local partners; Christian Aid funds long-term clean water and livelihoods projects that train people and aim for sustainable income.

Question 11

B1 effect 1: malnutrition or undernourishment, oe
B1 effect 2: higher rates of preventable disease due to poor sanitation, oe
B1 effect 3: limited access to medical care and medicines, oe
Answer: Any three: malnutrition; higher rates of preventable disease; limited access to healthcare and medicines.

Question 12

Level 4 (10-12): A well-developed, balanced evaluation. Several relevant reasons are given to support and to oppose the view, religious arguments and examples are used to support both sides, and a justified conclusion is reached. Arguments are clearly organised and supported with evidence.
Level 3 (7-9): A balanced answer with some development. Arguments for and against the view are given with at least one religious argument or example, and a conclusion is attempted.
Level 2 (4-6): Some relevant points are made for either side but development is limited. Religious ideas may be mentioned but not well linked to the argument.
Level 1 (1-3): Limited and often assertive points with little or no development. Little reference to religion or the material is superficial.
Level 0 (0): No relevant content.
Indicative content:
- Arguments that short-term aid does harm, e.g. it can create dependency, undermine local markets, or be poorly targeted and corrupt, preventing long-term development.
- Examples of harm: free food depressing local farmers prices; aid agencies overriding local decision making, reducing local capacity to respond.
- Religious critique supporting this view: some religious thinkers argue for dignity and long-term empowerment rather than charity that creates dependency, citing the need to enable justice and sustainable livelihoods.
- Arguments that short-term aid does good, e.g. it saves lives in emergencies, prevents famine and disease, and can give time for longer-term development to be organised.
- Examples of benefit: emergency medical teams stopping disease outbreaks, emergency food and shelter preventing deaths, religious agencies running both immediate relief and development programmes, for example CAFOD emergency appeals followed by reconstruction.
- Religious support for short-term aid: many religious teachings stress immediate help for those in need, for example Matthew 25:35-40 which portrays feeding the hungry as morally required; Islamic teachings on caring for the needy also justify urgent assistance.
- Consideration of context: effectiveness depends on how aid is delivered, whether it is coordinated with local communities and whether it is linked to long-term development plans.
- A reasoned conclusion weighing the evidence, for example that short-term aid is essential in emergencies but should be carefully designed to avoid dependency and linked to long-term development.

Causes and Effects of Poverty in the Developing World - Worksheets, Questions and Revision