Reproduction and Inheritance - Worksheets, Questions and Revision

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KS3 · Biology

K4 Reproduction and Inheritance

AQA AQA KS3 Science Framework (Biology strand, feeds into AQA GCSE Biology 8461) · Calculator allowed · about 105 minutes
Name: _______________________________    Date: ____ / ____ / ______
Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.
1
The human body has separate male and female reproductive systems. For each structure below, state its function.
(a)Testis(1)
(b)Sperm duct (vas deferens)(1)
(c)Ovary(1)
(d)Oviduct (fallopian tube)(1)
(e)Uterus (womb)(1)
2
Give the meaning of each of the following key terms.
(a)Gamete(1)
(b)Fertilisation(1)
(c)Zygote(1)
3
Puberty is a period of change controlled by hormones. For each change below, classify it as Male (M), Female (F), or Both (B).
(a)Growth of pubic hair(1)
(b)Voice breaks and deepens(1)
(c)Menstruation (periods) begins(1)
(d)Testes begin producing sperm(1)
(e)Hips widen(1)
(f)Increased sweating and body odour(1)
4
A student records the length, in days, of her menstrual cycle over 4 months: 28, 30, 26, 32.
(a)Calculate the mean cycle length.(2)
(b)Calculate the range of her cycle lengths.(2)
5
The table shows the average gestation period of two mammals. Human gestation is 40 weeks. Elephant gestation is 22 months. Assume 1 month = 4 weeks for this question.
(a)Convert the elephant's gestation period to weeks.(2)
(b)Calculate how many more weeks the elephant's gestation period is than the human's.(2)
6
Flowering plants reproduce sexually. For each flower structure below, state its function.
(a)Anther(1)
(b)Stigma(1)
(c)(Plant) ovary(1)
(d)Petal(1)
7
Describe the difference between pollination and fertilisation in a flowering plant.
(2)
8
Match each seed to the dispersal method suggested by its adaptation.
(a)A sycamore seed with a papery wing(1)
(b)A burdock seed covered in small hooks(1)
(c)A cherry seed inside sweet, juicy flesh(1)
(d)A pea pod that dries out and splits open suddenly(1)
9
Required Practical: A student investigates germination. She places 50 cress seeds on damp cotton wool and counts how many have germinated (grown a root) each day for 7 days. Temperature and light are kept constant throughout.
(a)Identify one other variable, apart from temperature and light, that should be controlled in this investigation.(1)
(b)After 7 days, 42 of the 50 seeds had germinated. Calculate the percentage germination.(2)
(c)Calculate the mean number of seeds germinating per day over the 7 days.(2)
(d)Suggest why the student used 50 seeds rather than just 1 seed.(1)
(e)The student repeats the whole investigation and gets 88% germination the second time. Calculate the mean percentage germination for the two repeats.(2)
(f)Comment on how similar the two repeat results are and what this suggests about the reliability of the investigation.(1)
10
Required Practical: A student extracts DNA from kiwi fruit. She mashes the fruit, mixes it with a salt and detergent solution, filters the mixture, then slowly adds ice-cold ethanol down the side of the tube. White, thread-like strands of DNA appear at the boundary between the two liquids.
(a)State the function of the detergent in this method.(1)
(b)State the function of the salt in this method.(1)
(c)Explain why the ethanol used is ice-cold.(2)
(d)Explain why the ethanol is added slowly down the side of the tube rather than being mixed in.(1)
(e)Describe the appearance of the DNA once it has precipitated.(1)
(f)Explain why this method would not work to extract DNA from a metal paperclip.(1)
11
Genetic information is organised at different levels within a cell.
(a)Put these structures in order of size, starting with the largest (the cell) and ending with the smallest (a gene): chromosome, DNA molecule, gene, nucleus, cell.(1)
(b)Define the term 'gene'.(1)
12
In pea plants, the allele for tall stems (T) is dominant over the allele for short stems (t). Two heterozygous tall plants (Tt) are crossed.
(a)Complete a genetic cross diagram for Tt x Tt and state the genotype ratio of the offspring.(3)
(b)State the phenotype ratio of tall to short offspring.(1)
(c)Calculate the percentage probability that an offspring will be short.(2)
13
In cats, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for ginger fur (b). A black cat that is a carrier (Bb) is crossed with a ginger cat (bb).
(a)Complete a genetic cross diagram for Bb x bb and state the genotypes of the offspring.(3)
(b)Calculate the percentage of offspring expected to have ginger fur.(2)
(c)In a litter of 8 kittens, use your answer to part b to predict the expected number of black kittens.(2)
14
Characteristics can show continuous or discontinuous variation.
(a)Height(1)
(b)Blood group (A, B, AB or O)(1)
(c)Hand span(1)
(d)Ability to roll your tongue (yes/no)(1)
(e)Body mass(1)
(f)A student measures the height of 30 students in her class. Suggest the most appropriate type of graph to display this data and explain why.(2)
15
Identical twins Priya and Anjali have exactly the same genes. Priya has taken up competitive swimming since age 8 and has more muscle definition than Anjali, who does not exercise regularly. Both twins have the same eye colour and blood group.
(a)State one feature of the twins that is caused only by their genes (inherited variation).(1)
(b)State one feature of the twins that has been affected by the environment.(1)
(c)Explain why identical twins can look different even though they have identical genes.(2)
16
A population of 1,000,000 bacteria contains 10 bacteria that are naturally resistant to a particular antibiotic. A patient is treated with the antibiotic, which kills all the non-resistant bacteria. The surviving resistant bacteria then reproduce, doubling in number every 20 minutes.
(a)Calculate the percentage of the original population that was resistant to the antibiotic.(2)
(b)Calculate the number of resistant bacteria present after 2 hours (6 doubling periods of 20 minutes each).(2)
(c)Use ideas about natural selection to explain why the whole bacterial population could eventually become resistant to this antibiotic.(3)
17
Before industrial pollution blackened tree trunks in a town, a survey of 1000 peppered moths found 950 pale-coloured and 50 dark-coloured moths. After 50 years of pollution, a second survey of 1000 moths found 220 pale-coloured and 780 dark-coloured moths.
(a)Calculate the percentage of the population that was dark-coloured before pollution.(1)
(b)Calculate the percentage of the population that was dark-coloured after pollution.(1)
(c)Using your answers to parts a and b, describe how the proportion of dark-coloured moths in the population changed over the 50 years.(2)
18
Use ideas about variation, adaptation and natural selection to explain how the peppered moth population changed as described in Question 17.
(6)
19
The average human gestation period is 280 days.
(a)Calculate the average human gestation period in weeks.(2)
(b)Calculate the average human gestation period in months, using 1 month = 30 days. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.(2)
20
Some organisms can reproduce sexually or asexually.
(a)State one advantage of sexual reproduction compared with asexual reproduction.(1)
(b)State one disadvantage of sexual reproduction compared with asexual reproduction.(1)
(c)State one advantage of asexual reproduction compared with sexual reproduction.(1)
21
For each statement about inheritance, write True or False.
(a)A dominant allele is always expressed in the phenotype if at least one copy is present.(1)
(b)An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is called heterozygous.(1)
(c)A recessive allele is only expressed in the phenotype if two copies are present (homozygous recessive).(1)
(d)Genes are found on chromosomes.(1)
(e)A person's phenotype is only ever affected by their genes, never by the environment.(1)
Mark scheme · K4 Reproduction and Inheritance

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Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

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Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21