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13+ · Science

CE.S-T2 Science: Full Practice Paper 2

ISEB COMMON ENTRANCE CE.S-T2 · Calculator allowed · about 60 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.

Which gas do green plants take in from the air during photosynthesis?

A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

Which subatomic particle has a negative electric charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus

(Total for Question 2 is 1 mark)

Which piece of equipment is used to measure electric current in a circuit?

A) Voltmeter
B) Ammeter
C) Thermometer
D) Barometer

(Total for Question 3 is 1 mark)

Which organ in the human body filters waste products from the blood to produce urine?

A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Lung
D) Bladder

(Total for Question 4 is 1 mark)

What is the name of the change of state when a gas turns directly into a liquid?

A) Evaporation
B) Condensation
C) Sublimation
D) Freezing

(Total for Question 5 is 1 mark)

Which type of energy store does a stretched elastic band have?

A) Thermal
B) Elastic potential
C) Chemical
D) Gravitational potential

(Total for Question 6 is 1 mark)

Marcus is investigating whether woodlice prefer light or dark conditions. He places ten woodlice in a choice chamber with one half covered in black card (dark) and the other half left uncovered (light). After five minutes he counts how many woodlice are in each half.

(a)State the independent variable in Marcus's investigation.(1)

(b)State the dependent variable in Marcus's investigation.(1)

(Total for Question 7 is 2 marks)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about separating mixtures.

(a)Separating an insoluble solid such as sand from water, using a funnel lined with paper, is called ______.(1)

(b)Separating a dissolved solid such as salt from water, by heating the solution until only the solid remains, is called ______.(1)

(Total for Question 8 is 2 marks)

Sophie is investigating how the length of a pendulum's string affects the time taken for one swing. She tests strings of different lengths but always releases the pendulum from the same angle and counts the same number of swings each time.

(a)State the independent variable in Sophie's investigation.(1)

(b)State the dependent variable in Sophie's investigation.(1)

(Total for Question 9 is 2 marks)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about life processes.

(a)The life process by which living things respond to changes around them, such as light or touch, is called ______.(1)

(b)The life process by which living things get rid of waste products made inside their bodies is called ______.(1)

(Total for Question 10 is 2 marks)

A pupil reacts a strip of magnesium ribbon with dilute hydrochloric acid and measures the total volume of gas produced.

Time (s): 0	20	40	60	80
Volume of gas (cm3): 0	18	32	40	40

(a)Calculate the volume of gas produced between 20 s and 40 s.(1)

(b)Explain what the result between 60 s and 80 s shows about the reaction.(1)

(c)Given that some acid remained in the flask at the end of the experiment, state which reactant has been completely used up.(1)

(Total for Question 11 is 3 marks)

A cyclist's distance from home is recorded every 10 minutes on a journey.

Time (minutes): 0	10	20	30	40
Distance (km): 0	3	7	9	9

(a)Calculate the cyclist's average speed between 10 minutes and 20 minutes, giving your answer in km/h.(1)

(b)Identify the 10-minute interval during which the cyclist was travelling fastest.(1)

(c)Suggest what the cyclist is doing between 30 and 40 minutes, and give a reason based on the data.(1)

(Total for Question 12 is 3 marks)

Describe the job of each of these three parts of the human respiratory system: the trachea, the bronchi, and the alveoli.

(Total for Question 13 is 3 marks)

Ahmed is investigating how the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the rate at which it reacts with marble chips (calcium carbonate). He plans to test the acid at 0.5 mol/dm3, 1.0 mol/dm3 and 2.0 mol/dm3, timing how long it takes for the marble chips to completely disappear.

(a)Name the variable Ahmed must change in his investigation.(1)

(b)Name two variables Ahmed must keep the same to make this a fair test.(2)

(Total for Question 14 is 3 marks)

Explain, using ideas about turning effect (moment), why moving a weight further away from the pivot of a see-saw increases its turning effect, and explain what must be true for a see-saw with two different weights, sitting at different distances from the pivot, to balance.

(Total for Question 15 is 3 marks)

A class measures the average height of cress seedlings grown on damp cotton wool, once a day for five days.

Day: 1	2	3	4	5
Height (mm): 2	5	9	13	30

(a)Identify which day's measurement is anomalous (unusual).(1)

(b)Suggest one reason this anomalous result might have occurred.(1)

(c)Calculate the mean height using only the four days that are not anomalous.(1)

(Total for Question 16 is 3 marks)

Explain why each of these materials is well suited to its use, referring to a property of the material in each case: glass for windows, rubber for tyres, and wool for jumpers.

(Total for Question 17 is 3 marks)

Describe the main energy transfer that takes place when a battery-powered toy car moves across a table and gradually slows to a stop, without the motor being turned off.

(Total for Question 18 is 3 marks)

In a food chain, grass is eaten by a rabbit, which is eaten by a fox, and decomposers such as fungi and bacteria also play a role. Describe the role of each of these four groups of organisms: the grass, the rabbit, the fox, and the decomposers.

(Total for Question 19 is 4 marks)

Four identical iron nails are placed in test tubes for one week.
Tube 1: dry air only (with a drying agent)
Tube 2: nail fully covered in tap water
Tube 3: nail fully covered in salt water
Tube 4: nail in boiled water with a layer of oil on top

Amount of rust after one week:
Tube 1: none Tube 2: some Tube 3: most Tube 4: none

(a)Using the results, name the two substances that must both be present for iron to rust.(1)

(b)Explain why Tube 3 (salt water) rusted the most.(1)

(c)Explain why Tube 4 did not rust, even though it contains water.(1)

(d)Suggest one improvement to make this investigation more reliable.(1)

(Total for Question 20 is 4 marks)

Explain how a guitar string produces a sound that can be heard, referring to vibrations. Then explain how plucking the string harder changes the sound, and how pressing the string to make it shorter changes the pitch of the note.

(Total for Question 21 is 4 marks)

Describe the job of each of these four types of human teeth: incisors, canines, premolars and molars.

(Total for Question 22 is 4 marks)

Explain, using ideas about particles, what happens when a spoonful of sugar dissolves in a cup of tea, why the sugar dissolves faster in hot tea than in cold tea, and why stirring also speeds up dissolving.

(Total for Question 23 is 4 marks)

A pupil builds an electromagnet by wrapping insulated wire around an iron nail and connecting it to a battery. She tests how many small paperclips the electromagnet can pick up when she changes the number of turns (coils) of wire.

Number of turns: 10	20	30	40
Paperclips picked up: 3	6	9	12

(a)Describe the pattern shown by the results.(1)

(b)Predict how many paperclips the electromagnet would pick up with 50 turns, if the pattern continues.(1)

(c)Explain, in terms of current and magnetic field, why adding more turns of wire makes the electromagnet stronger.(1)

(d)Suggest one other change the pupil could make to the electromagnet to increase its strength, other than changing the number of turns.(1)

(Total for Question 24 is 4 marks)

Describe the job of each of these four parts of a flower involved in reproduction: the petals, the stamen, the stigma and the ovary.

(Total for Question 25 is 4 marks)

Explain the difference between an element, a compound and a mixture, giving an example of each.

(Total for Question 26 is 3 marks)

A pupil investigates how the angle of a ramp affects how far a toy car travels after leaving the bottom of the ramp, before friction brings it to a stop. She uses three different ramp angles (10 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees) and releases a different toy car from the top of the ramp each time.

(a)Identify one part of the pupil's method that makes the comparison unfair.(1)

(b)Suggest one improvement to make the comparison fairer.(1)

(c)Predict how the distance travelled will change as the ramp angle increases, and explain why, referring to gravity.(1)

(d)Suggest one way to make the measurement of distance travelled more precise.(1)

(Total for Question 27 is 4 marks)

Explain four ways a cactus is adapted to survive in a hot, dry desert environment.

(Total for Question 28 is 4 marks)

A gardener tests the pH of soil from four different beds using universal indicator solution.

Bed: P	Q	R	S
pH: 5	6	7	8

(a)Which bed has the most acidic soil?(1)

(b)Which bed has neutral soil?(1)

(c)Order the four beds from most acidic to most alkaline.(1)

(d)A gardener wants to grow blueberries, which grow best in acidic soil with a pH of about 4.5 to 5.5. A friend says: 'Bed S is best for blueberries because it has the highest pH number.' Suggest why this reasoning is incorrect.(1)

(Total for Question 29 is 4 marks)

A class investigates which material is the best insulator for keeping a beaker of hot water warm. They wrap identical beakers, each containing the same volume of water starting at 80 degC, in a different material (bubble wrap, cotton wool, or aluminium foil) and measure the water temperature after 10 minutes.

Material: Bubble wrap	Cotton wool	Aluminium foil
Temperature after 10 min (degC): 68	71	54

(a)State two variables the class kept the same to make this a fair test.(2)

(b)Using the results, which material is the best insulator?(1)

(c)Suggest a scientific reason, related to trapped air, why cotton wool keeps the water warmest.(2)

(d)Suggest one way the class could improve the reliability of their conclusion.(1)

(Total for Question 30 is 6 marks)

Mark scheme · CE.S-T2 Science: Full Practice Paper 2

Question 1

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Carbon dioxide

Question 2

B1 C cao
Answer: C) Electron

Question 3

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Ammeter

Question 4

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Kidney

Question 5

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Condensation

Question 6

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Elastic potential

Question 7

(a) B1 whether the area is light or dark (the light condition) oe
(a) Answer: Whether the area is light or dark.
(b) B1 the number of woodlice found in each half (light or dark) oe
(b) Answer: The number of woodlice found in each half of the chamber.

Question 8

(a) B1 filtration cao
(a) Answer: Filtration
(b) B1 evaporation cao
(b) Answer: Evaporation

Question 9

(a) B1 the length of the pendulum's string oe
(a) Answer: The length of the pendulum's string.
(b) B1 the time taken for one swing (of the pendulum) oe
(b) Answer: The time taken for one swing.

Question 10

(a) B1 sensitivity cao
(a) Answer: Sensitivity
(b) B1 excretion cao
(b) Answer: Excretion

Question 11

(a) B1 14 cm3 cao
(a) Answer: 14 cm3
(b) B1 the volume of gas is no longer increasing (it stays at 40 cm3), showing the reaction has stopped/finished oe
(b) Answer: The reaction has finished, since the gas volume stays at 40 cm3 and does not increase any further.
(c) B1 the magnesium (ribbon) cao
(c) Answer: The magnesium ribbon.

Question 12

(a) B1 24 km/h cao
(a) Answer: 24 km/h
(b) B1 between 10 and 20 minutes cao
(b) Answer: Between 10 minutes and 20 minutes.
(c) B1 the cyclist has stopped moving (e.g. resting or waiting at traffic lights), because the distance stays at 9 km and does not increase oe
(c) Answer: The cyclist has stopped, for example resting or waiting at traffic lights, because the distance stays at 9 km between 30 and 40 minutes.

Question 13

B1 trachea: the windpipe that carries air from the throat down towards the lungs oe
B1 bronchi: the two tubes that branch off the trachea, carrying air into each lung oe
B1 alveoli: tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood oe
Answer: The trachea carries air from the throat towards the lungs; the bronchi branch off the trachea to carry air into each lung; the alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.

Question 14

(a) B1 the concentration of the hydrochloric acid cao
(a) Answer: The concentration of the hydrochloric acid.
(b) B1 the mass/size of the marble chips used oe
(b) B1 the volume of acid used (or any other valid control, e.g. temperature, or whether the mixture is stirred) oe
(b) Answer: The mass (size) of the marble chips used and the volume of acid used.

Question 15

B1 the turning effect (moment) of a force is calculated as force multiplied by distance from the pivot oe
B1 increasing the distance from the pivot increases the moment, even if the weight (force) stays the same oe
B1 to balance, the moments on each side of the pivot must be equal, so a smaller weight must sit further from the pivot than a larger weight oe
Answer: Moment = force x distance from the pivot, so moving a weight further out increases its moment even without changing the weight. A see-saw balances when the moments on each side are equal, meaning a smaller weight must be placed further from the pivot than a larger weight.

Question 16

(a) B1 Day 5 (30 mm) cao
(a) Answer: Day 5 (30 mm).
(b) B1 any plausible reason, e.g. a measuring error, the wrong seedling was measured, or the units/reading were recorded incorrectly oe
(b) Answer: For example, the pupil may have measured the wrong seedling by mistake, or made an error reading the ruler.
(c) B1 7.25 mm cao
(c) Answer: 7.25 mm

Question 17

B1 glass: transparent, letting light through, and rigid/hard enough to keep out weather, making it suitable for windows oe
B1 rubber: flexible/elastic and gives good grip (friction) on the road, making it suitable for tyres oe
B1 wool: a good thermal insulator that traps air, keeping the wearer warm, making it suitable for jumpers oe
Answer: Glass is transparent and rigid, so it lets light in while keeping weather out; rubber is flexible and grips the road well, so it suits tyres; wool is a good thermal insulator that traps air, so it keeps the wearer warm, suiting jumpers.

Question 18

B1 chemical energy stored in the battery is transferred to the motor as electrical energy oe
B1 the motor transfers this energy to the kinetic energy store of the moving car oe
B1 friction between the wheels and the table transfers some of this kinetic energy to the thermal energy stores of the wheels/table/surroundings, which is why the car slows down oe
Answer: Chemical energy from the battery is transferred as electrical energy to the motor, then to the car's kinetic energy store. Friction between the wheels and the table transfers some of this kinetic energy to thermal energy in the surroundings, causing the car to slow down.

Question 19

B1 grass (producer): makes its own food by photosynthesis, using light energy to produce glucose oe
B1 rabbit (primary consumer): eats the grass (a producer) to obtain energy oe
B1 fox (secondary consumer/predator): eats the rabbit (a primary consumer) to obtain energy oe
B1 decomposers: break down dead plants, animals and waste, returning nutrients to the soil oe
Answer: The grass is a producer that makes its own food by photosynthesis; the rabbit is a primary consumer that eats the grass; the fox is a secondary consumer that eats the rabbit; decomposers break down dead organisms and waste, returning nutrients to the soil.

Question 20

(a) B1 water (moisture) and oxygen (air), both needed cao
(a) Answer: Water and oxygen.
(b) B1 dissolved salt speeds up (accelerates) the rusting process compared with plain water, so more rust forms in the same time oe
(b) Answer: Salt dissolved in the water speeds up the rusting process compared with plain water, so more rust forms in the same time.
(c) B1 boiling removes dissolved oxygen from the water, and the oil layer stops more oxygen dissolving back in, so without oxygen present rusting cannot occur oe
(c) Answer: Boiling removes dissolved oxygen from the water, and the oil layer on top stops more oxygen dissolving back in, so without oxygen present the nail cannot rust.
(d) B1 repeat the investigation with more than one nail per tube and take an average, or use a more objective measure of rust such as the increase in mass oe
(d) Answer: Repeat the investigation with more than one nail in each condition and take an average, or measure the increase in mass of each nail instead of just observing.

Question 21

B1 the guitar string vibrates rapidly when plucked, making the surrounding air particles vibrate too oe
B1 these vibrations travel through the air as a sound wave, eventually reaching the ear oe
B1 plucking the string harder makes it vibrate with a bigger amplitude, producing a louder sound oe
B1 making the string shorter makes it vibrate faster (at a higher frequency), producing a higher-pitched note oe
Answer: The plucked string vibrates, making the air particles vibrate too, and this travels through the air as a sound wave to the ear. Plucking harder gives the string a bigger amplitude of vibration, making the sound louder. Making the string shorter increases its frequency of vibration, making the pitch higher.

Question 22

B1 incisors: sharp, chisel-shaped teeth at the front, used for cutting/biting off food oe
B1 canines: pointed teeth used for tearing/gripping food oe
B1 premolars: teeth with two cusps/points, used for crushing food and starting to grind it oe
B1 molars: large, flat teeth at the back with several cusps, used for grinding/chewing food thoroughly oe
Answer: Incisors cut/bite off food; canines tear and grip food; premolars crush food and start grinding it; molars grind and chew food thoroughly at the back of the mouth.

Question 23

B1 the sugar particles separate from each other and spread out (mix) between the water particles, forming a solution oe
B1 a solution is correctly described as a mixture where the solute (sugar) is fully and evenly dissolved in the solvent (water) oe
B1 in hot tea, the water particles have more energy and move faster, colliding with the sugar particles more often and with more force, breaking them apart faster oe
B1 stirring moves fresh water particles to the surface of the sugar and moves dissolved sugar particles away, keeping dissolving happening quickly oe
Answer: Sugar particles separate and spread evenly between the water particles, forming a solution. Hot water particles move faster and collide with the sugar more often and more forcefully, dissolving it quicker than cold water. Stirring also speeds up dissolving by constantly bringing fresh water to the sugar and moving dissolved sugar away.

Question 24

(a) B1 as the number of turns increases, the number of paperclips picked up increases (roughly proportionally) oe
(a) Answer: As the number of turns of wire increases, the number of paperclips picked up increases (in direct proportion).
(b) B1 15 cao
(b) Answer: 15 paperclips
(c) B1 each turn of current-carrying wire produces its own small magnetic field, and with more turns these fields add together, producing a stronger overall magnetic field oe
(c) Answer: Each turn of wire carrying current produces its own small magnetic field; with more turns, these fields add together to make the overall magnetic field stronger.
(d) B1 increase the current (e.g. use a higher-voltage battery or more cells), or use a larger/softer iron core oe
(d) Answer: Increase the current flowing through the wire, for example by using a battery with a higher voltage.

Question 25

B1 petals: often brightly coloured/scented to attract insects (pollinators) oe
B1 stamen: the male part that produces pollen oe
B1 stigma: the sticky top of the female part that receives pollen oe
B1 ovary: contains the ovules, which develop into seeds, and the ovary itself develops into a fruit after fertilisation oe
Answer: Petals attract pollinators such as insects; the stamen produces pollen; the stigma receives pollen; the ovary contains the ovules, which develop into seeds, while the ovary develops into a fruit after fertilisation.

Question 26

B1 element: a substance made of only one type of atom, e.g. oxygen or iron oe
B1 compound: a substance made of two or more different elements chemically joined together, e.g. water or carbon dioxide oe
B1 mixture: two or more substances mixed together but not chemically joined, so they can be separated by physical methods, e.g. air or salt water oe
Answer: An element is made of only one type of atom, e.g. iron. A compound is made of two or more different elements chemically joined, e.g. water. A mixture is two or more substances mixed but not chemically joined, so they can be separated physically, e.g. salt water.

Question 27

(a) B1 using a different toy car for each test, so the cars may not have the same mass/wheel friction oe
(a) Answer: She uses a different toy car for each test, so the cars being compared may not be identical.
(b) B1 use the same toy car for every test, only changing the ramp angle oe
(b) Answer: Use the same toy car for every test, changing only the ramp angle.
(c) B1 the distance travelled increases as the angle increases, because a steeper ramp increases the component of gravity acting down the slope, giving the car more kinetic energy (a greater speed) at the bottom oe
(c) Answer: The distance travelled increases as the ramp angle increases, because a steeper ramp lets gravity accelerate the car more, giving it a greater speed (more kinetic energy) at the bottom.
(d) B1 use a tape measure/ruler with small divisions (e.g. millimetres) from a fixed starting line, rather than estimating the stopping point by eye oe
(d) Answer: Use a tape measure or ruler with small divisions, measuring carefully from a fixed starting line rather than estimating the stopping point by eye.

Question 28

B1 a thick, waxy skin (cuticle) to reduce water loss through evaporation oe
B1 spines instead of broad leaves, reducing the surface area for water loss (and deterring animals from eating it) oe
B1 widespread/shallow roots (or very long roots), to quickly absorb any rainfall or reach deep water oe
B1 a thick, fleshy stem that stores water for use during long dry periods oe
Answer: A cactus has a thick waxy skin to reduce water loss, spines instead of leaves to reduce surface area for water loss and deter animals, widespread or very long roots to absorb rainfall quickly, and a thick fleshy stem that stores water for dry periods.

Question 29

(a) B1 Bed P cao
(a) Answer: Bed P.
(b) B1 Bed R cao
(b) Answer: Bed R.
(c) B1 P, Q, R, S cao
(c) Answer: P, Q, R, S
(d) B1 a higher pH means more alkaline, not more suitable for a plant that needs acidic soil; Bed P (pH 5) is closest to the ideal range for blueberries, not Bed S oe
(d) Answer: A higher pH means the soil is more alkaline, not better for blueberries, which need acidic soil; Bed P (pH 5) is closest to the ideal range, not Bed S.

Question 30

(a) B1 the starting temperature of the water (80 degC)
(a) B1 any other valid control, e.g. the volume of water used, the size/shape of beaker, or the time period (10 minutes)
(a) Answer: The starting temperature of the water and the volume of water used (or the size of beaker, or the time period of 10 minutes).
(b) B1 cotton wool cao
(b) Answer: Cotton wool.
(c) B1 cotton wool traps lots of small pockets of air between its fibres oe
(c) B1 air is a poor conductor of heat (a good insulator), so it slows down the transfer of thermal energy from the water to the surroundings more than the other materials oe
(c) Answer: Cotton wool traps many small pockets of air between its fibres, and since air is a poor conductor of heat, this slows down the transfer of thermal energy from the water to the surroundings more than the other materials tested.
(d) B1 repeat the investigation for each material (e.g. three times) and calculate a mean temperature for each material oe
(d) Answer: Repeat the investigation for each material several times and calculate a mean final temperature for each one.

Science: Full Practice Paper 2 - Worksheets, Questions and Revision