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GCSE · Geography

GEO.KS310 Impacts of Food Insecurity: Undernutrition, Unrest and Damage

AQA 8035 · Calculators not allowed · about 40 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.

Give one direct health impact of chronic undernutrition in children in a rural community.

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

Give one effect of undernutrition on life expectancy in a named low-income country context.

(Total for Question 2 is 1 mark)

Describe one way rising food prices limit access to food for poorer households in an urban area.

(Total for Question 3 is 1 mark)

Give one social impact of volatile food prices that can increase tension in a city market.

(Total for Question 4 is 1 mark)

Give one way that food shortages can directly contribute to armed conflict in a region.

(Total for Question 5 is 1 mark)

Describe one environmental impact of overgrazing when pastoralists increase herd sizes to cope with food insecurity in a dryland area.

(Total for Question 6 is 1 mark)

Give one impact of over-cultivation on farmland when farmers expand planting to try to increase food supply after harvest failures.

(Total for Question 7 is 1 mark)

Describe one way deforestation can result from attempts to raise agricultural output during food insecurity in a tropical country.

(Total for Question 8 is 1 mark)

Give one short-term economic effect on a household when staple food prices rise sharply in a regional market.

(Total for Question 9 is 1 mark)

Give one long-term social impact on a community where repeated food shortages have occurred over several years.

(Total for Question 10 is 1 mark)

Describe one impact on child health from micronutrient deficiencies caused by food insecurity, naming a specific deficiency.

(Total for Question 11 is 2 marks)

Explain one way that high and volatile food prices can increase inequality within a country.

(Total for Question 12 is 2 marks)

Explain one way that environmental degradation from agricultural expansion can reduce long-term food security in a named region.

(Total for Question 13 is 2 marks)

Give two impacts on livelihoods when smallholder farmers cut tree cover to expand cropland during food shortages in a tropical country.

(Total for Question 14 is 2 marks)

Answer using the impacts studied in this pack: Explain the impacts of food insecurity on health, society and the environment in a named country or region you have studied.

Explain the impacts of food insecurity on health, society and the environment in a named country or region.

(Total for Question 15 is 6 marks)

Mark scheme · GEO.KS310 Impacts of Food Insecurity: Undernutrition, Unrest and Damage

Question 1

B1 e.g. stunted growth (reduced height for age) or wasting, oe
Answer: Stunted growth (reduced height for age) or wasting.

Question 2

B1 e.g. reduced life expectancy due to higher child mortality in countries such as South Sudan or Somalia, oe
Answer: Reduced life expectancy because of higher child mortality, for example in Somalia.

Question 3

B1 e.g. households cannot afford the same quantity or quality of food, so they reduce meals or eat cheaper, less nutritious food, oe
Answer: Households cannot afford the same quantity or quality of food, so they reduce the number of meals or switch to cheaper, less nutritious foods.

Question 4

B1 e.g. protest or rioting at markets because people cannot afford staples, oe
Answer: Protests or rioting at markets because people cannot afford staple foods.

Question 5

B1 e.g. competition for scarce resources can be used by armed groups to recruit fighters or seize territory, oe
Answer: Competition for scarce resources can be exploited by armed groups to recruit fighters or to seize territory.

Question 6

B1 e.g. vegetation cover is removed leading to soil erosion and loss of soil fertility, oe
Answer: Vegetation cover is removed, leading to soil erosion and loss of soil fertility.

Question 7

B1 e.g. soil nutrient depletion leading to lower yields in following seasons, oe
Answer: Soil nutrient depletion, which leads to lower yields in following seasons.

Question 8

B1 e.g. forests are cleared to create new fields for crops or pasture, which reduces forest cover and biodiversity, oe
Answer: Forests are cleared to create new fields for crops or pasture, reducing forest cover and biodiversity.

Question 9

B1 e.g. reduced disposable income leading to less spending on health or education, oe
Answer: Reduced disposable income, causing less spending on health or education.

Question 10

B1 e.g. outmigration and loss of working-age adults leading to demographic change and weaker local economies, oe
Answer: Outmigration and loss of working-age adults, causing demographic change and weaker local economies.

Question 11

B1 identification, e.g. vitamin A deficiency
B1 effect, e.g. increased risk of blindness and weakened immune system leading to higher infection rates, oe
Answer: Vitamin A deficiency, which increases the risk of blindness and weakens the immune system, leading to higher infection rates in children.

Question 12

B1 inequality mechanism, e.g. richer households can absorb price shocks or switch to imported goods, while poorer households spend a higher share of income on food, oe
B1 linked consequence, e.g. this widens gaps in nutrition, health and educational outcomes between rich and poor, oe
Answer: Richer households can absorb price shocks or buy alternative foods, while poorer households spend a higher share of income on food and must cut other essentials, widening gaps in nutrition, health and education.

Question 13

B1 mechanism e.g. soil erosion or nutrient loss reduces future crop yields
B1 linked example/consequence, e.g. in the Sahel region this can lead to lower productivity and greater vulnerability to future droughts, oe
Answer: Soil erosion or nutrient loss from agricultural expansion reduces future crop yields; for example in parts of the Sahel this lowers productivity and increases vulnerability to future droughts.

Question 14

B1 impact 1 e.g. short-term increase in land for crops or pasture providing immediate food or income
B1 impact 2 e.g. loss of forest resources such as fuelwood and wild foods, and longer-term soil decline reducing future income, oe
Answer: A short-term increase in land for crops or pasture providing immediate food or income; and loss of forest resources such as fuelwood and wild foods plus longer-term soil decline that reduces future income.

Question 15

Level 3 (5-6): Detailed explanation that links specific health, social and environmental impacts to food insecurity in a named country or region, with clear, developed examples and logical chains showing how one impact can cause another.
Level 2 (3-4): Developed explanation with clear examples of impacts on at least two of health, society or environment, showing some links but with less depth or fewer precise examples.
Level 1 (1-2): Basic statements about one or more impacts with limited detail and little or no linkage, and may omit a named country or region.
Indicative content:
- Health impacts: undernutrition causes stunting, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies, leading to higher child mortality and lower life expectancy; weakened immune systems increase disease burden.
- Social impacts: rising and volatile food prices reduce food access for poor households, increasing food insecurity and causing protests, civil unrest or increased migration from rural to urban areas; long-term outmigration can weaken local economies.
- Environmental impacts: attempts to increase production such as overgrazing, over-cultivation and deforestation lead to soil erosion, nutrient depletion and loss of biodiversity, reducing long-term agricultural productivity.
- Links and chains: environmental degradation reduces future yields, worsening food insecurity and causing further pressure on livelihoods, which can fuel social tension and conflict that in turn disrupts food distribution and health services.
- Named country or region example: e.g. in parts of the Sahel repeated crop failure has led to land degradation and migration, or in Yemen food shortages have contributed to increased malnutrition, strained public services and social unrest.
- A top band response should integrate health, social and environmental impacts with specific evidence from the named example and explain how the impacts interact to create feedbacks that prolong or worsen food insecurity.

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