Revision Library

revisionlibrary.co.uk

GCSE · Physical geography - glacial landscapes (human uses)

GEO.PH14 Glacial Landscapes: Land Use and Tourism in an Upland Area

AQA 8035 · Calculators not allowed · about 55 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.

Define the term 'National Park' as used in the context of the Lake District National Park in England.

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

State the county and country in which the Lake District National Park is located.

(Total for Question 2 is 1 mark)

Name two major visitor attractions in the Lake District National Park that attract tourists.

(Total for Question 3 is 2 marks)

State three main land uses in the upland parts of the Lake District National Park (for example in fells and high valleys).

(Total for Question 4 is 3 marks)

Describe the conflicts between different land uses in the Lake District National Park, giving named examples where appropriate.

(Total for Question 5 is 6 marks)

Explain TWO impacts of tourism on the upland landscape and local communities in the Lake District National Park. Give one detailed point for each impact.

(Total for Question 6 is 5 marks)

Using the Lake District as the context, explain three reasons why visitor numbers are high in upland areas such as the fells and lakes.

(Total for Question 7 is 3 marks)

Give two social impacts of tourism on local communities in the Lake District National Park.

(Total for Question 8 is 2 marks)

Explain how second-home ownership in the Lake District can affect local housing affordability and services.

(Total for Question 9 is 2 marks)

Describe how footpath erosion occurs on popular fells in the Lake District and give one environmental consequence of this erosion.

(Total for Question 10 is 3 marks)

Explain why traffic congestion is a problem on narrow rural roads in the Lake District and name one management response used to reduce this problem.

(Total for Question 11 is 3 marks)

Give two named tourism management strategies used in the Lake District National Park to reduce environmental and social impacts.

(Total for Question 12 is 2 marks)

Explain how the Fix the Fells footpath restoration scheme in the Lake District reduces environmental impacts of tourism.

(Total for Question 13 is 3 marks)

Describe how park-and-ride schemes and honeypot-site management operate in the Lake District to manage visitor numbers and reduce impacts.

(Total for Question 14 is 4 marks)

Use named examples from the Lake District National Park (for example Fix the Fells, park-and-ride or honeypot-site management) to answer the question.

'Assess the success of tourism management strategies in the Lake District National Park.'

(Total for Question 15 is 12 marks)

Mark scheme · GEO.PH14 Glacial Landscapes: Land Use and Tourism in an Upland Area

Question 1

B1 a protected area of countryside designated for conservation, recreation and landscape/natural beauty, oe
Answer: A protected area of countryside designated to conserve landscape and wildlife while allowing public recreation.

Question 2

B1 Cumbria, England
Answer: Cumbria, England.

Question 3

B1 a correct named attraction, e.g. Scafell Pike, oe
B1 a second correct named attraction, e.g. Windermere (Lake Windermere) or Grasmere or Ullswater, oe
Answer: Scafell Pike and Windermere.

Question 4

B1 farming, e.g. sheep grazing
B1 tourism and recreation, e.g. walking, climbing, boating
B1 resource use such as quarrying, forestry or water supply (reservoirs), any two acceptable across the three marks
Answer: Farming (sheep grazing), tourism and recreation, and resource uses such as quarrying, forestry or water supply (reservoirs).

Question 5

B1 conflict 1, e.g. between farming (sheep grazing) and conservation of native habitats or woodland, oe
B1 linked detail for conflict 1, e.g. heavy grazing prevents woodland regeneration and reduces biodiversity, oe
B1 conflict 2, e.g. tourism versus local residents, oe
B1 linked detail for conflict 2, e.g. large numbers of visitors cause congestion on narrow lanes, parking problems and disturbance to daily life, oe
B1 conflict 3, e.g. tourism/visitor infrastructure versus landscape protection and farming, or quarrying versus scenery and recreation, oe
B1 linked detail for conflict 3, e.g. expansion of car parks, visitor facilities or quarrying can damage scenic quality and limit space for farms or walking, oe
Answer: Conflicts include farming versus habitat conservation, for example heavy sheep grazing prevents woodland regeneration and reduces biodiversity; tourism versus local residents, for example congestion on narrow lanes, parking problems and disturbance; and tourism or quarrying versus landscape protection, for example visitor facilities or quarries harming scenic quality and reducing farmland or recreational space.

Question 6

B1 impact 1 named, e.g. footpath erosion and vegetation loss on popular fells
B1 linked development for impact 1, e.g. soil compaction, widening of paths and loss of fragile upland plants, increasing runoff and visual damage, oe
B1 impact 2 named, e.g. traffic congestion and parking problems on narrow rural roads
B1 linked development for impact 2, e.g. increased noise, air pollution and delays for residents, and pressure to create more parking which can damage landscape, oe
B1 an additional social or economic impact, e.g. rise in second-home ownership pushing up house prices and reducing local services for year round residents, oe
Answer: Examples: footpath erosion and vegetation loss on popular fells, causing soil compaction, path widening, loss of fragile plants and increased runoff; traffic congestion and parking problems on narrow lanes, creating noise, pollution and pressure to build more parking; and social/economic impact such as second-home ownership raising house prices and reducing availability of homes and services for local residents.

Question 7

B1 attraction of dramatic scenery and named sites, e.g. Scafell Pike, Windermere
B1 good access and infrastructure, e.g. road links, public transport and visitor facilities, oe
B1 cultural and recreational activities, e.g. walking, boating, literary connections (Wordsworth) and events that draw visitors, oe
Answer: High visitor numbers are driven by dramatic scenery and named attractions like Scafell Pike and Windermere, by good access and visitor infrastructure such as roads and facilities, and by cultural and recreational draws such as walking, boating and literary connections.

Question 8

B1 e.g. increased seasonal employment, oe
B1 e.g. overcrowding and loss of local services or community cohesion due to second homes, oe
Answer: Increased seasonal employment; overcrowding and reduced community cohesion or loss of local services due to second-home ownership.

Question 9

B1 demand for buy-to-let and holiday homes increases prices, reducing affordability for local people, oe
B1 fewer year round residents can lead to closures of shops, schools and services, harming community life, oe
Answer: Buying of second homes increases demand and prices, making housing less affordable for local people, and with fewer year round residents some local shops, schools and services may close or reduce opening, harming community life.

Question 10

B1 process description, e.g. repeated trampling by walkers removes vegetation and loosens soil, creating gutters and widening paths
B1 further development, e.g. water runs down eroded paths increasing soil loss and creating deeper channels
B1 environmental consequence, e.g. loss of upland vegetation, reduced wildlife habitat and increased sediment in streams, oe
Answer: Repeated trampling by walkers removes vegetation and loosens soil, creating wider paths and gullies; water running down these eroded paths increases soil loss and deepens channels, causing loss of upland vegetation, reduced habitat and increased sediment in streams.

Question 11

B1 reason, e.g. narrow lanes were not designed for large modern traffic volumes so passing and parking cause delays and safety issues, oe
B1 linked detail, e.g. delays affect residents, farm vehicles and emergency access, and pollution increases, oe
B1 management response named, e.g. park-and-ride schemes, timed one-way systems, or improved public transport, oe
Answer: Narrow lanes were not designed for heavy modern visitor traffic so passing and parking cause delays and safety problems; this increases pollution and affects residents and farm access. A management response is park-and-ride schemes to reduce cars in narrow valleys.

Question 12

B1 Fix the Fells (footpath restoration)
B1 park-and-ride schemes or honeypot-site management (e.g. concentrating facilities at key sites), oe
Answer: Fix the Fells; park-and-ride schemes (and honeypot-site management).

Question 13

B1 description, e.g. repairing and rebuilding worn paths using stone pitching and sustainable materials to resist erosion
B1 linked development, e.g. concentrating paths reduces widening and protects adjacent vegetation, oe
B1 benefit, e.g. reduces sediment runoff into streams and improves safety and long term access for visitors, oe
Answer: Fix the Fells repairs paths using stone pitching and sustainable materials, concentrating walkers on repaired routes to prevent path widening and protect vegetation; this reduces sediment runoff into streams and improves safety and long term access.

Question 14

B1 park-and-ride description, e.g. buses shuttle visitors from car parks outside congested villages into popular areas
B1 park-and-ride development, e.g. reduces car numbers in narrow lanes and demand for on-street parking, oe
B1 honeypot-site management description, e.g. concentrating facilities such as large car parks, visitor centres and toilets at popular attractions
B1 honeypot development, e.g. diverting visitors to managed sites reduces pressure on more fragile, dispersed locations, oe
Answer: Park-and-ride uses parking outside congested villages with shuttle buses to popular sites, reducing cars in narrow lanes and the need for on-street parking. Honeypot-site management concentrates facilities like car parks and visitor centres at key attractions to divert visitors away from fragile, dispersed locations.

Question 15

Level 3 (7-9): A well supported assessment that evaluates a range of named Lake District management strategies, weighs evidence of success and limitations with specific examples, and reaches a balanced, justified judgement about overall effectiveness.
Level 2 (4-6): A clear assessment using named strategies with some evidence of success and limitations; conclusions are given but may lack depth or detailed evidence.
Level 1 (1-3): One or two relevant points about management strategies are made, with little development and no balanced conclusion.
Indicative content:
- Named strategies such as Fix the Fells restore and harden popular paths, which has reduced visible erosion at many repaired sites and improved safety for walkers, showing clear local success.
- Park-and-ride schemes and improved public transport reduce traffic and parking pressure in sensitive valleys, but their success can be limited by visitor willingness to use them and by the cost and seasonal operation of services.
- Honeypot-site management concentrates facilities at key attractions, protecting more remote areas but sometimes increasing visitor density and localised wear at the honeypot itself.
- Some measures have measurable environmental benefits, for example reduced sediment in streams after path repair, but others primarily manage human behaviour and require ongoing funding and maintenance.
- Limitations include funding constraints, the scale of visitor numbers during peak seasons, resistance from local businesses or residents to restrictions, and the problem of second homes and wider housing pressures that are not solved by environmental measures alone.
- A strong answer will judge that many strategies have had local successes but that overall management faces constraints of funding, visitor behaviour and housing pressures, so effectiveness is mixed and often site specific.

Glacial Landscapes: Land Use and Tourism in an Upland Area - Worksheets, Questions and Revision