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GCSE · History

EDX.WN14 Reasons for Limited Nazi Support, 1924-1928

EDEXCEL 1HI0 · Calculators not allowed · about 75 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Write in full sentences for Questions 13 to 18. You are advised to spend about 75 minutes on this pack.

Give the year in which the Nazi Party contested its first Reichstag election after the 1923 crisis.

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

Name the leader of the Nazi Party throughout 1924-28.

(Total for Question 2 is 1 mark)

State two facts about the Nazi Party's performance in the May 1928 Reichstag election.

(Total for Question 3 is 2 marks)

Give one international development, after 1924, that reduced support for extremist parties in Germany.

(Total for Question 4 is 1 mark)

Name the German foreign minister whose diplomacy is credited with improving international relations in the mid 1920s.

(Total for Question 5 is 1 mark)

State one reason why relative prosperity in the mid 1920s reduced support for extremist parties like the Nazis.

(Total for Question 6 is 2 marks)

Name the two reparations-related international plans that the brief says reduced public fear and so lowered support for extremists.

(Total for Question 7 is 2 marks)

Give one way that the Nazi Party tried to broaden its appeal in the mid 1920s.

(Total for Question 8 is 1 mark)

Name one moderate or centrist party which benefited from the mid 1920s political calm, drawing votes that might otherwise have gone to extremists.

(Total for Question 9 is 1 mark)

State two consequences for the Nazi Party of the public perception that Germany had regained stability by 1928.

(Total for Question 10 is 2 marks)

Give the name of the small, short-lived Nazi paramilitary organisation that was reorganised or reduced in activity during the mid 1920s as the party focused on legal politics.

(Total for Question 11 is 1 mark)

State two reasons why many industrialists and business leaders did not support the Nazi Party in the 1924-28 period.

(Total for Question 12 is 2 marks)

Give two things you can infer from Source A about why the Nazi Party failed to attract widespread support in 1926-28. For each inference, give the detail from the source that supports it.

(a)Inference 1 and supporting detail from Source A(2)

(b)Inference 2 and supporting detail from Source A(2)

(Total for Question 13 is 4 marks)

Explain why the Nazi Party failed to win many votes in national elections between 1924 and 1928.

You may use the following in your answer:
- the effect of improving economic confidence on voter preferences
- Germany's improved international standing after 1924

You must also use information of your own.

(Total for Question 14 is 12 marks)

How useful are Sources B and C for an enquiry into the role of economic recovery in reducing Nazi support between 1924 and 1928?

(Total for Question 15 is 8 marks)

Study Interpretations 1 and 2. They give different views about why the Nazi Party failed to win many votes between 1924 and 1928. What is the main difference between these views?

(Total for Question 16 is 4 marks)

Suggest one reason why Interpretations 1 and 2 give different views about why the Nazi Party failed to win many votes between 1924 and 1928.

(Total for Question 17 is 4 marks)

'Interpretation 1 gives the best explanation for why the Nazi Party failed to win many votes between 1924 and 1928.' How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer. 4 marks are available for spelling, punctuation, grammar and specialist terms.

(Total for Question 18 is 20 marks)

Mark scheme · EDX.WN14 Reasons for Limited Nazi Support, 1924-1928

Question 1

B1 1924
Answer: 1924

Question 2

B1 Adolf Hitler
Answer: Adolf Hitler

Question 3

B1 it won 2.6 per cent of the national vote
B1 it gained 12 seats in the Reichstag
Answer: It won 2.6 per cent of the vote and secured 12 Reichstag seats.

Question 4

B1 Germany joining the League of Nations (1926)
Answer: Germany joining the League of Nations in 1926

Question 5

B1 Gustav Stresemann
Answer: Gustav Stresemann

Question 6

B1 voters tended to prefer stability when the economy was improving
B1 improved employment and wages made radical change less attractive to many citizens
Answer: Because improving economic conditions made stability more attractive and rising employment and wages reduced the appeal of radical change.

Question 7

B1 the Dawes Plan
B1 the Young Plan
Answer: The Dawes Plan and the Young Plan

Question 8

B1 the party emphasised propaganda and reorganised local branches to reach more voters
Answer: By emphasising propaganda and reorganising local branches to reach more voters.

Question 9

B1 the German People's Party (DVP) or the Centre Party (Zentrum)
Answer: For example, the Centre Party (Zentrum)

Question 10

B1 fewer voters saw the need for radical solutions, reducing the party's potential support
B1 the party struggled to break into middle-class and business voter groups who preferred stability
Answer: Fewer voters wanted radical change, and the Nazis failed to win significant middle-class or business support.

Question 11

B1 the Sturmabteilung (SA)
Answer: The Sturmabteilung, the SA

Question 12

B1 they preferred parties that supported economic stability and the status quo
B1 the Nazis had not yet convinced business leaders that they could deliver stable government and protect property rights
Answer: Because business leaders preferred stability and were not yet convinced the Nazis could deliver stable government and protect their interests.

Question 13

(a) B1 inference stated
(a) B1 supporting detail quoted or clearly referenced from the source
(b) B1 inference stated
(b) B1 supporting detail quoted or clearly referenced from the source

Question 14

Level 1 (1-3): Identifies one or two simple reasons why the Nazis performed poorly, with little or no supporting detail.
Level 2 (4-6): Explains one or two reasons with some relevant detail, or gives several reasons with limited explanation.
Level 3 (7-9): Explains a range of reasons clearly, with relevant supporting detail and some analysis of how they reduced Nazi support.
Level 4 (10-12): Provides a well-developed explanation, linking several reasons together and showing how they combined to limit Nazi appeal, supported throughout by precise and accurate detail.
Indicative content:
- Economic improvement and calm reduced the attractiveness of radical parties: with wages rising and unemployment falling for many workers, voters preferred stability and the parties seen to deliver it rather than extremist alternatives.
- The Dawes and Young Plans, and the sense that reparations and economic crises were being managed, lessened the climate of crisis that extremist parties exploited, making voters less receptive to radical slogans.
- Improved international standing, shown by agreements such as Locarno and Germany's entry to the League of Nations, suggested that normal diplomacy and moderate parties could restore German prestige, reducing the appeal of nationalist extremists.
- Stresemann's role in building confidence, and the association of moderate parties with competent government, meant that many middle-class and business voters remained with centrist parties rather than turning to the Nazis.
- The party itself also had organisational and image limits in this period: it had not yet built the nationwide electoral organisation and safe middle-class image that came later, and its extremist reputation deterred some voters.
- In some regions, local politics and well-established conservative parties held the electorate, so the Nazis were further squeezed by existing party loyalties.

Question 15

Level 1 (1-2): Makes a simple judgement about utility with little explanation.
Level 2 (3-5): Begins to evaluate the usefulness of the sources, considering content and perhaps one provenance factor, and using own knowledge in a limited way.
Level 3 (6-8): Provides a clear evaluation of the usefulness of both sources, discussing content, provenance and contextual knowledge, and reaches a supported overall judgement on their usefulness for the enquiry.
Indicative content:
- Usefulness depends on what each source shows about economic conditions and how voters responded, and on their provenance, date and perspective.
- A contemporary newspaper report might give immediate evidence of public mood and employment trends in a locality, but could be limited by local bias or political leaning.
- An official economic summary or a business association statement could supply reliable data on employment or wages, but may understate regional variations and would reflect the author's interests.
- A useful answer compares what B and C each contribute, criticises their weaknesses (limited scope, bias, selective evidence) and shows how combining them with wider knowledge gives a more reliable picture.

Question 16

Level 1 (1-2): Identifies a basic difference between the interpretations with little supporting comment.
Level 2 (3-4): Explains the main difference clearly, referring to the emphasis of each interpretation and using supporting comment.
Indicative content:
- The main difference is that Interpretation 1 attributes low Nazi support primarily to external context, especially economic recovery and better international relations, while Interpretation 2 emphasises internal weaknesses within the Nazi Party, such as organisation and limited appeal to middle-class voters.
- A good answer explains that Keller focuses on voters being satisfied by moderation, while Brenner focuses on the party failing to persuade key social groups, and supports this with reference to the wording and emphasis in each interpretation.

Question 17

Level 1 (1-2): Offers a simple suggestion with little explanation, e.g. the authors use different sources.
Level 2 (3-4): Offers a clearly explained reason why the interpretations differ, such as differing sources, emphasis or purpose, and supports the suggestion with reference to the interpretations' content.
Indicative content:
- They may use different sources: one may rely on economic data and diplomatic records emphasising recovery, while the other uses party records and local election data showing organisational weakness.
- They may have different research aims or frameworks: one focuses on macro-level structural explanations, the other on party-level or social-group explanations.
- They may write in different historiographical contexts or for different audiences, shaping whether they stress economic recovery or party failure.

Question 18

Level 1 (1-4): Demonstrates limited understanding of the interpretation and offers a simple, unsupported judgement.
Level 2 (5-8): Shows some relevant knowledge and begins to evaluate Interpretation 1, but the judgement is limited and not well supported.
Level 3 (9-12): Explains and evaluates a range of factors, using knowledge and both interpretations, and reaches a supported judgement about how far Interpretation 1 is convincing.
Level 4 (13-16): Offers a sustained and balanced evaluation, using precise knowledge, assessing the strengths and limitations of Interpretation 1 in the light of alternative views, and reaching a well-supported and sustained judgement.
Indicative content:
- Arguments supporting Interpretation 1: economic recovery, the Dawes and Young Plans reducing reparations pressure, and improved international standing after Locarno and League membership all reduced the immediate grievances that extremist parties exploited.
- Arguments against or limiting Interpretation 1: the Nazi Party also had organisational and image problems in this period, and it failed to appeal to middle-class and business voters, which Brenner stresses; local political contexts and entrenched party loyalties also mattered.
- A balanced answer might agree that economic recovery and improved international status were important, but argue that these factors worked together with the Nazis own weaknesses to keep support low until later events changed the political landscape.
- Good answers support each claim with precise factual detail from 1924-28, and evaluate both the explanatory power and the limits of Interpretation 1.

Reasons for Limited Nazi Support, 1924-1928 - Worksheets, Questions and Revision