GCSE Spanish · Topic guide

Theme 2.2: Healthy living and lifestyle - Translation

Translation for Theme 2.2 covers both directions on healthy living and lifestyle: diet, exercise, sleep, stress and giving up bad habits. The examiner is testing deber/tener que/hay que + infinitive for obligation and advice, the gustar-type verb doler for symptoms, hace + [time] + que + present tense for how long a habit has continued, and the informal imperative for advice, none of which translate word for word.

Grades 4-7 (GCSE)TranslationAQAWJEC

Before you start

Make sure you're comfortable with these topics first:

Method

  1. Identify whether a sentence states a fact, gives advice or an obligation, or describes a symptom, since each uses a different structure in Spanish.
  2. Translate obligation and advice idioms by meaning: tener que + infinitive (to have to), hay que + infinitive (it is necessary to/you have to, impersonal), deber + infinitive (should/ought to, weaker than tener que).
  3. With doler (to hurt), remember it behaves like gustar: the body part is the grammatical subject and takes an indirect object pronoun, so me duele la cabeza is I have a headache, not 'I hurt the head'.
  4. Translate hace + [time] + que + present tense as an ongoing action: hace dos años que no fumo means I haven't smoked for two years, keeping the present tense in Spanish even though English needs a perfect tense.
  5. When translating into Spanish, form the informal imperative correctly for advice (come más fruta, no fumes), remembering that negative commands use the present subjunctive form, not the normal tu form.
  6. Watch negation in both directions: nunca, nada and nadie can go before the verb alone or after the verb with no in front, and both patterns mean the same thing (nunca como carne / no como carne nunca).
  7. Check agreements and register last: routine reflexive verbs (acostarse, alimentarse, cuidarse) must agree with the subject, and advice should stay in one consistent register throughout.

Worked example

Translate into Spanish: You should drink more water and you have to sleep at least eight hours. It's necessary to do exercise three times a week. I haven't eaten sugar for two months and I feel much better.

  1. Split into chunks: 'You should drink more water' / 'you have to sleep at least eight hours' / 'It's necessary to do exercise three times a week' / 'I haven't eaten sugar for two months and I feel much better'.
  2. 'You should drink more water' uses deber + infinitive, informal tú: debes beber más agua.
  3. 'you have to sleep at least eight hours' uses tener que + infinitive: tienes que dormir al menos ocho horas.
  4. 'It's necessary to do exercise three times a week' is the impersonal hay que + infinitive: hay que hacer ejercicio tres veces a la semana.
  5. 'I haven't eaten sugar for two months' uses hace + time + que + present tense, kept in the present in Spanish: hace dos meses que no como azúcar.
  6. Full translation: Debes beber más agua y tienes que dormir al menos ocho horas. Hay que hacer ejercicio tres veces a la semana. Hace dos meses que no como azúcar y me siento mucho mejor.

Practice questions

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Q1Translate into Spanish: I have a stomach ache.Show answer

Answer: Me duele el estómago.

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Q2Translate into English: Hay que comer más verduras.Show answer

Answer: You have to/It's necessary to eat more vegetables.

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Q3Translate into Spanish: You should exercise every day.Show answer

Answer: Debes hacer ejercicio todos los días.

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Q4Translate into English: Hace un año que no fumo.Show answer

Answer: I haven't smoked for a year.

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Q5Translate into Spanish: Don't eat so much fast food! (negative imperative, tu form)Show answer

Answer: ¡No comas tanta comida rápida!

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Q6Translate into English: Nunca duermo lo suficiente entre semana.Show answer

Answer: I never get enough sleep during the week.

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Q7Translate into Spanish: We have to reduce our stress.Show answer

Answer: Tenemos que reducir nuestro estrés.

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Exam-style questions

Written in the style of a GCSE Spanish exam paper, with a full mark scheme.

Q1[6 marks]

Translate this passage into English: Para llevar una vida sana, hay que dormir al menos ocho horas y no hay que saltarse el desayuno. Me duelen las piernas cuando corro demasiado, así que ahora hago yoga dos veces a la semana. Hace tres meses que no bebo refrescos y duermo mucho mejor.

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Q2[6 marks]

Translate this passage into Spanish: You should reduce your stress and you have to relax more. It's necessary to switch off your phone before bed. I've had a headache for three days, so I have to see the doctor. Don't skip meals!

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See real GCSE Spanish past-paper questions, with official mark schemes

Free printable worksheet

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