Science: Full Practice Paper 5 Worksheet with Answers

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CE.S-T5 Science: Full Practice Paper 5

ISEB COMMON ENTRANCE CE.S-T5 · Calculator allowed · about 60 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.

1

Which part of an animal cell controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Vacuole

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

2

Which process describes how oxygen molecules move from the air inside the alveoli into the blood in the surrounding capillaries?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Evaporation

(Total for Question 2 is 1 mark)

3

Priyanka is investigating whether light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed. She places a piece of pondweed in a beaker of water with added sodium hydrogencarbonate (to provide extra carbon dioxide), positions a lamp at different distances from the beaker, and counts the number of bubbles of gas released by the pondweed in one minute at each distance.

(a)State the independent variable in Priyanka's investigation.(1)

(b)State the dependent variable in Priyanka's investigation.(1)

(Total for Question 3 is 2 marks)

4

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about the classification of living things.

(a)A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can breed together to produce fertile offspring is called a ______.(1)

(b)The branch of science concerned with grouping and naming living organisms based on their shared characteristics is called ______.(1)

(Total for Question 4 is 2 marks)

5

Describe the job of each of these three parts of a seed involved in germination: the testa (seed coat), the cotyledon, and the radicle.

(Total for Question 5 is 3 marks)

6

Explain why decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, are important in a woodland ecosystem, referring to nutrient cycling.

(Total for Question 6 is 3 marks)

7

Describe the job of each of these four parts of the human urinary (excretory) system: the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra.

(Total for Question 7 is 4 marks)

8

Oscar investigates how temperature affects the percentage of cress seeds that germinate. He places 20 cress seeds on damp cotton wool in a Petri dish at each of four different temperatures, and counts how many have germinated after 3 days.

Temperature (degC): 5	15	25	35
Seeds germinated (out of 20): 2	14	19	6

(a)Identify the independent variable in Oscar's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable Oscar kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the relationship between temperature and the percentage of seeds that germinated shown by the results, for temperatures between 5 degC and 25 degC.(1)

(d)Suggest why the number of seeds that germinated decreased at 35 degC, compared with 25 degC.(1)

(Total for Question 8 is 4 marks)

9

A food chain in a UK garden pond is: algae -> tadpole -> stickleback -> heron.

(a)Identify the secondary consumer in this food chain.(1)

(b)Name the trophic level of the heron in this food chain.(1)

(c)Give one reason why not all of the energy in the tadpole's body is transferred to the stickleback that eats it.(1)

(d)The tadpoles in this pond contain a total of 8000 kJ of energy. Only 8% of this energy is transferred to the sticklebacks that eat them. Calculate the energy available to the sticklebacks.(1)

(Total for Question 9 is 4 marks)

10

Foxes are predators that hunt rabbits, which are prey animals.

(a)State two adaptations of a predator, such as a fox, that help it to catch prey.(2)

(b)State two adaptations of a prey animal, such as a rabbit, that help it avoid being caught by predators.(2)

(Total for Question 10 is 4 marks)

11

Which particle found in an atom has no overall electric charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Ion

(Total for Question 11 is 1 mark)

12

Which of these is a typical property of most metals?

A) Good conductor of electricity
B) Dull appearance when freshly cut
C) Brittle (shatters when hit)
D) Low melting point

(Total for Question 12 is 1 mark)

13

Amelia is investigating whether the type of liquid (water, vinegar, or lemonade) affects how quickly an effervescent vitamin C tablet dissolves. She drops one tablet into a beaker of each liquid, at the same temperature and volume, and times how long it takes for the fizzing to stop.

(a)State the independent variable in Amelia's investigation.(1)

(b)State the dependent variable in Amelia's investigation.(1)

(Total for Question 13 is 2 marks)

14

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about atomic structure.

(a)The number of protons in an atom of an element is called its ______.(1)

(b)Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called ______.(1)

(Total for Question 14 is 2 marks)

15

When copper carbonate is heated strongly, it decomposes to form copper oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Name the gas produced, describe a test (including the positive result) that would confirm its identity, and name the type of reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

(Total for Question 15 is 3 marks)

16

Explain how a sedimentary rock forms from small pieces of rock (sediment), referring to erosion, deposition and compaction.

(Total for Question 16 is 3 marks)

17

Leon investigates how temperature affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid. He mixes the two solutions in a flask placed over a paper marked with a black cross, and times how long it takes until the cross can no longer be seen through the cloudy sulfur produced, at four different temperatures.

Temperature (degC): 20	30	40	50
Time for cross to disappear (s): 240	118	62	31

(a)Identify the independent variable in Leon's investigation.(1)

(b)State the dependent variable in Leon's investigation.(1)

(c)Describe the relationship between temperature and the time taken for the cross to disappear, shown by the results.(1)

(d)Explain, using ideas about particle collisions, why increasing the temperature increases the rate of this reaction.(1)

(Total for Question 17 is 4 marks)

18

A camping stove burns propane gas (C3H8) completely in a plentiful supply of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water vapour.

(a)Write a word equation for this reaction.(1)

(b)State one condition needed for propane to undergo complete combustion, rather than incomplete combustion.(1)

(c)Name the toxic gas that can be produced instead, when propane undergoes incomplete combustion due to a limited supply of oxygen.(1)

(d)Explain why carbon monoxide gas is dangerous to breathe in.(1)

(Total for Question 18 is 4 marks)

19

A student places an iron nail into a solution of copper sulfate. A reaction occurs: iron + copper sulfate -> iron sulfate + copper.

(a)Write the balanced symbol equation for this reaction, including state symbols.(1)

(b)Describe one observation you would see during this reaction.(1)

(c)State which metal, iron or copper, is more reactive, and explain how this reaction shows that.(1)

(d)Every 5.6 g of iron that reacts in this way produces 6.4 g of copper. Calculate the mass of copper produced when 11.2 g of iron reacts completely.(1)

(Total for Question 19 is 4 marks)

20

Read these descriptions of three rock samples.

Rock A: formed when molten magma cooled and solidified underground, and has large interlocking crystals.
Rock B: formed from layers of sand and other sediment, compacted and cemented together over millions of years, contains visible grains and sometimes fossils.
Rock C: formed when an existing rock was changed by intense heat and pressure deep underground, without melting, and has a different crystal structure from the original rock.

(a)Identify which rock, A, B or C, is an igneous rock, giving a reason from the description.(1)

(b)Identify which rock, A, B or C, is a sedimentary rock, giving a reason from the description.(1)

(c)Identify which rock, A, B or C, is a metamorphic rock, giving a reason from the description.(1)

(d)Explain why rock B, but not rock A, is likely to contain fossils.(1)

(Total for Question 20 is 4 marks)

21

Which piece of equipment is used to measure temperature?

A) Thermometer
B) Ammeter
C) Barometer
D) Voltmeter

(Total for Question 21 is 1 mark)

22

Which type of energy store does a car have while it is moving along a road?

A) Kinetic
B) Gravitational potential
C) Chemical
D) Elastic

(Total for Question 22 is 1 mark)

23

Zoe investigates whether the diameter of a paper parachute affects the time taken for a toy figure attached to it to fall from a fixed height of 2 m. She uses parachutes of different diameters, drops each from the same height, and times the fall using a stopwatch.

(a)State the independent variable in Zoe's investigation.(1)

(b)State the dependent variable in Zoe's investigation.(1)

(Total for Question 23 is 2 marks)

24

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about energy and power.

(a)The rate at which energy is transferred (or work is done) is called ______.(1)

(b)Power is measured in the unit ______.(1)

(Total for Question 24 is 2 marks)

25

Explain why a ball dropped from a height bounces back up to a lower height than the height it was dropped from, referring to energy transfers.

(Total for Question 25 is 3 marks)

26

Rhys is investigating how the speed of a fan (representing wind speed) affects the voltage output of a small model wind turbine generator. He points the fan at the turbine's blades, sets the fan to different speed settings, and measures the voltage produced using a voltmeter connected to the turbine.

Fan speed setting: 1	2	3	4
Voltage output (V): 0.4	0.9	1.5	2.2

(a)Identify the independent variable in Rhys's investigation.(1)

(b)Identify the dependent variable in Rhys's investigation.(1)

(c)Describe the relationship between fan speed setting and voltage output shown by the results.(1)

(d)Suggest one improvement Rhys could make to his investigation to get more reliable results.(1)

(Total for Question 26 is 4 marks)

27

A student shines a ray of light from air into a rectangular glass block at an angle.

(a)State what happens to the direction of the light ray as it enters the glass block, and name this effect.(1)

(b)State what happens to the speed of the light as it enters the glass block from air.(1)

(c)Describe what happens to the direction of the ray as it leaves the glass block back into the air, assuming the block has parallel sides.(1)

(d)Explain, in terms of the light's speed, why the ray bends towards the normal when it enters the glass block.(1)

(Total for Question 27 is 4 marks)

28

A student rubs a plastic rod with a dry cloth. The rod becomes negatively charged.

(a)State what has been transferred between the cloth and the rod to give the rod a negative charge.(1)

(b)State what charge the cloth is left with after the rubbing, and explain why.(1)

(c)The charged rod is brought close to a thin stream of water from a tap, without touching it. Predict what would happen to the stream of water.(1)

(d)Explain, in terms of charge, why the charged rod attracts small pieces of paper even though the paper is not charged.(1)

(Total for Question 28 is 4 marks)

29

A wave machine in a science lab produces water waves with a wavelength of 0.8 m. A student counts 15 complete waves passing a fixed point in 30 seconds.

(a)Calculate the frequency of the waves, in Hz.(1)

(b)Calculate the speed of the waves, using wave speed = frequency * wavelength.(1)

(c)State what would happen to the wave speed if the wavelength doubled but the frequency stayed the same.(1)

(d)Suggest one improvement the student could make to get a more accurate value for the frequency.(1)

(Total for Question 29 is 4 marks)

30

A circuit has one battery and one bulb. A student then builds two more circuits using an identical battery and identical bulbs: in Circuit A, three identical bulbs are connected in series; in Circuit B, three identical bulbs are connected in parallel.

Explain why each bulb in Circuit A (series) is dimmer than the single original bulb, but each bulb in Circuit B (parallel) is not dimmer than the single original bulb.

(Total for Question 30 is 6 marks)

Mark scheme · CE.S-T5 Science: Full Practice Paper 5

Question 1

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Cell membrane

Question 2

B1 A cao
Answer: A) Diffusion

Question 3

(a) B1 the light intensity (or the distance of the lamp from the beaker) oe
(a) Answer: The light intensity (controlled by the distance of the lamp from the beaker).
(b) B1 the number of bubbles of gas released in one minute (the rate of photosynthesis) oe
(b) Answer: The number of bubbles of gas released by the pondweed in one minute.

Question 4

(a) B1 species cao
(a) Answer: Species
(b) B1 classification (accept taxonomy)
(b) Answer: Classification

Question 5

B1 testa (seed coat): protects the seed inside from damage, disease and water loss oe
B1 cotyledon: stores food (nutrients) for the developing embryo/seedling to use until it can photosynthesise oe
B1 radicle: grows into the first root, anchoring the seedling in the soil and absorbing water (and minerals) oe
Answer: The testa protects the seed from damage, disease and water loss; the cotyledon stores food for the developing embryo until it can photosynthesise; the radicle grows into the first root, anchoring the seedling and absorbing water.

Question 6

B1 decomposers break down dead plant and animal material (and animal waste) oe
B1 this releases nutrients/minerals that were locked up in the dead material back into the soil oe
B1 these nutrients can then be absorbed/used again by living plants (recycled through the ecosystem) oe
Answer: Decomposers break down dead plant and animal material and waste. This releases nutrients and minerals that were locked up in the dead material back into the soil, where they can be absorbed and used again by living plants, recycling nutrients through the ecosystem.

Question 7

B1 kidneys: filter waste products (such as urea) and excess water from the blood, producing urine oe
B1 ureters: carry urine from the kidneys down to the bladder oe
B1 bladder: stores urine until it is ready to be released oe
B1 urethra: carries urine out of the body oe
Answer: The kidneys filter waste products such as urea and excess water from the blood to produce urine; the ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder; the bladder stores urine until it is released; the urethra carries urine out of the body.

Question 8

(a) B1 temperature oe
(a) Answer: Temperature.
(b) B1 any one of: the number of seeds used (20); the amount of water/dampness of the cotton wool; the type of seed used; the length of time (3 days) oe
(b) Answer: For example, the number of seeds used at each temperature (20).
(c) B1 as temperature increases (from 5 degC to 25 degC), the number/percentage of seeds that germinate increases oe
(c) Answer: As temperature increases from 5 degC to 25 degC, more seeds germinate (the percentage germinating increases).
(d) B1 at 35 degC the temperature is too high, and this can damage/denature the enzymes needed for germination to take place, reducing the number of seeds that germinate oe
(d) Answer: At 35 degC the temperature is too high, which can damage (denature) the enzymes needed for germination, so fewer seeds germinate successfully.

Question 9

(a) B1 stickleback cao
(a) Answer: Stickleback
(b) B1 tertiary consumer (accept top predator)
(b) Answer: Tertiary consumer (top predator).
(c) B1 any one of: energy is lost as heat (thermal energy) through respiration; energy is lost in waste/faeces (egested, undigested material); energy is used for movement; not all of the tadpole's body is eaten oe
(c) Answer: Some energy is lost as heat through the tadpole's respiration (or in its faeces, or used for its movement).
(d) B1 640 kJ cao (working: 8000 * 0.08)
(d) Answer: 640 kJ

Question 10

(a) B1 eyes positioned at the front of the head, giving good binocular vision/depth perception for judging distances when chasing prey oe
(a) B1 sharp teeth and/or claws for gripping, killing and eating prey, and/or speed/stealth/camouflage for approaching prey unseen oe
(a) Answer: For example: eyes at the front of the head, giving good depth perception for judging distances; sharp teeth and claws for catching and killing prey.
(b) B1 eyes positioned on the sides of the head, giving a wide field of view to spot predators approaching from many directions oe
(b) B1 fast reflexes/speed for fleeing, and/or camouflage to avoid being seen, and/or large ears to detect predators by sound oe
(b) Answer: For example: eyes on the sides of the head, giving a wide field of view to spot approaching predators; fast reflexes and speed for fleeing danger.

Question 11

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Neutron

Question 12

B1 A cao
Answer: A) Good conductor of electricity

Question 13

(a) B1 the type of liquid (water, vinegar or lemonade) oe
(a) Answer: The type of liquid.
(b) B1 the time taken for the fizzing (the tablet dissolving) to stop oe
(b) Answer: The time taken for the fizzing to stop.

Question 14

(a) B1 atomic number cao
(a) Answer: Atomic number
(b) B1 isotopes cao
(b) Answer: Isotopes

Question 15

B1 gas produced: carbon dioxide cao
B1 test: bubble the gas through limewater; positive result is that the limewater turns cloudy/milky oe
B1 type of reaction: thermal decomposition oe
Answer: The gas produced is carbon dioxide. Bubbling the gas through limewater turns it cloudy (milky) if carbon dioxide is present. This type of reaction, where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances, is called thermal decomposition.

Question 16

B1 existing rock is broken down (by weathering/erosion) into small pieces of sediment oe
B1 the sediment is transported (e.g. by rivers, wind or ice) and deposited in layers, often at the bottom of a sea or lake oe
B1 over time, more layers build up on top, increasing pressure, which squeezes out water and compacts/cements the particles together to form solid rock oe
Answer: Existing rock is broken down by weathering and erosion into small pieces of sediment. This sediment is transported and deposited in layers, often at the bottom of a sea or lake. Over time, more layers build up on top, and the increasing pressure squeezes out water and compacts/cements the particles together, forming solid sedimentary rock.

Question 17

(a) B1 temperature (of the solutions) oe
(a) Answer: Temperature.
(b) B1 the time taken for the cross to disappear (no longer be visible) oe
(b) Answer: The time taken for the cross to disappear.
(c) B1 as temperature increases, the time taken for the cross to disappear decreases, i.e. the rate of reaction increases oe
(c) Answer: As temperature increases, the time taken for the cross to disappear decreases, showing that the rate of reaction increases.
(d) B1 at a higher temperature, particles have more kinetic energy and move faster, so they collide more frequently and with more energy, meaning more collisions succeed in overcoming the activation energy, increasing the rate of reaction oe
(d) Answer: At a higher temperature, the particles have more kinetic energy and move faster, so they collide more often and with greater energy. This means more collisions have enough energy to react successfully, increasing the rate of reaction.

Question 18

(a) B1 propane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water cao
(a) Answer: Propane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
(b) B1 a plentiful (excess) supply of oxygen oe
(b) Answer: A plentiful (excess) supply of oxygen.
(c) B1 carbon monoxide cao
(c) Answer: Carbon monoxide
(d) B1 carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells (in place of oxygen), reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen around the body oe; accept it is colourless and odourless, making it hard to detect
(d) Answer: Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells in place of oxygen, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen around the body, which can be fatal. It is also colourless and odourless, so it is difficult to detect.

Question 19

(a) B1 Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) -> FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) cao (correct formulae, balanced, correct state symbols all required)
(a) Answer: Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) -> FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
(b) B1 the iron nail becomes coated with a pink/orange-brown deposit (of copper), and/or the blue colour of the solution fades oe
(b) Answer: The iron nail becomes coated with a pink/orange-brown deposit of copper, and the blue colour of the copper sulfate solution fades.
(c) B1 iron is more reactive than copper, because a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound (solution), and here iron displaces copper from copper sulfate oe
(c) Answer: Iron is more reactive than copper. This reaction shows that because a more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its compound, and here the iron displaces the copper from the copper sulfate solution.
(d) B1 12.8 g cao (working: 11.2 / 5.6 = 2; 6.4 * 2 = 12.8)
(d) Answer: 12.8 g

Question 20

(a) B1 Rock A - formed from cooled/solidified magma oe
(a) Answer: Rock A, because it formed from magma that cooled and solidified.
(b) B1 Rock B - formed from compacted/cemented layers of sediment, may contain fossils oe
(b) Answer: Rock B, because it formed from layers of sediment that were compacted and cemented together.
(c) B1 Rock C - formed by heat and pressure changing an existing rock, without melting oe
(c) Answer: Rock C, because it formed when an existing rock was changed by heat and pressure without melting.
(d) B1 fossils form from the remains of dead organisms buried within layers of sediment, so they can be preserved as sedimentary rock (B) forms around them; igneous rock (A) forms from molten magma, hot enough to destroy any fossils, so it does not contain them oe
(d) Answer: Fossils form when the remains of dead organisms are buried in layers of sediment and preserved as that sediment turns into sedimentary rock, such as rock B. Igneous rock, such as rock A, forms from molten magma, which is far too hot for any fossil to survive, so it does not contain fossils.

Question 21

B1 A cao
Answer: A) Thermometer

Question 22

B1 A cao
Answer: A) Kinetic

Question 23

(a) B1 the diameter of the parachute oe
(a) Answer: The diameter of the parachute.
(b) B1 the time taken for the toy figure to fall (from 2 m) oe
(b) Answer: The time taken for the toy figure to fall to the ground.

Question 24

(a) B1 power cao
(a) Answer: Power
(b) B1 watts (accept W)
(b) Answer: Watts (W)

Question 25

B1 as the ball falls, energy in its gravitational potential energy store transfers to its kinetic energy store oe
B1 when the ball hits the ground, some of this energy is transferred away, e.g. to the surroundings as sound and heat (thermal energy), and to deforming the ball/ground oe
B1 because some energy is transferred away (dissipated) rather than being converted back into gravitational potential energy, the ball rises to a lower height than it was dropped from oe
Answer: As the ball falls, energy in its gravitational potential energy store transfers to its kinetic energy store. When it hits the ground, some of this energy is transferred away as sound and heat, and in deforming the ball and ground. Because this energy is dissipated rather than being converted back into gravitational potential energy, the ball only rises to a lower height than it was dropped from.

Question 26

(a) B1 the fan speed setting (wind speed) oe
(a) Answer: The fan speed setting.
(b) B1 the voltage output (measured with the voltmeter) oe
(b) Answer: The voltage output of the turbine.
(c) B1 as the fan speed setting increases, the voltage output increases oe
(c) Answer: As the fan speed setting increases, the voltage output of the turbine increases.
(d) B1 repeat each fan speed setting (e.g. three times) and calculate a mean voltage oe
(d) Answer: Repeat the readings at each fan speed setting (for example, three times) and calculate a mean voltage for each setting.

Question 27

(a) B1 the ray bends towards the normal; this effect is called refraction oe
(a) Answer: The ray bends towards the normal. This effect is called refraction.
(b) B1 the light slows down (travels more slowly in glass than in air) oe
(b) Answer: The light slows down.
(c) B1 the ray bends away from the normal (as it speeds up leaving the denser glass for the less dense air) oe
(c) Answer: The ray bends away from the normal as it leaves the glass, becoming parallel to its original direction before it entered the block.
(d) B1 light travels more slowly in the denser glass than in air; this change in speed as the ray crosses the boundary at an angle causes it to change direction, bending towards the normal oe
(d) Answer: Light travels more slowly in glass than in air. Because the ray meets the boundary at an angle, this slowing down causes the ray to change direction, bending towards the normal.

Question 28

(a) B1 electrons (have been transferred from the cloth to the rod)
(a) Answer: Electrons have been transferred from the cloth to the rod.
(b) B1 positive charge, because it has lost electrons (which have transferred to the rod) oe
(b) Answer: The cloth is left positively charged, because it has lost electrons to the rod.
(c) B1 the stream of water bends/is attracted towards the rod oe
(c) Answer: The stream of water bends and is attracted towards the rod.
(d) B1 the charged rod induces an opposite charge on the near surface of the (neutral) paper; since opposite charges attract, the paper is pulled towards the rod oe
(d) Answer: The charged rod induces an opposite charge on the near surface of the neutral paper. Because opposite charges attract, the paper is pulled towards the rod.

Question 29

(a) B1 0.5 Hz cao (working: 15 / 30)
(a) Answer: 0.5 Hz
(b) B1 0.4 m/s cao (working: 0.5 * 0.8)
(b) Answer: 0.4 m/s
(c) B1 the wave speed would also double oe
(c) Answer: The wave speed would double.
(d) B1 count the number of waves passing over a longer time (e.g. 60 s instead of 30 s), and/or repeat the count and calculate a mean oe
(d) Answer: Count the number of waves passing the fixed point over a longer time, such as 60 seconds instead of 30 seconds, to reduce the effect of any timing or counting errors.

Question 30

Level 1 (1-2): Basic, isolated statement(s) about series and/or parallel circuits, with little or no linking to why the bulbs in Circuit A or Circuit B are, or are not, dimmer.
Level 2 (3-4): Some relevant ideas about resistance, potential difference sharing, or current are identified and partly linked to bulb brightness in Circuit A and/or Circuit B, but the explanation for one of the two circuits is incomplete or not fully linked to the change in brightness.
Level 3 (5-6): A clear, logically linked explanation of both circuits, using ideas of total resistance, the sharing of potential difference (in series) and the potential difference across each branch (in parallel), to fully explain the brightness of the bulbs in both Circuit A and Circuit B.
Indicative content:
- In Circuit A (series), each additional bulb adds more resistance to the single loop of the circuit.
- This greater total resistance means less current flows around the series circuit than flowed in the original single-bulb circuit.
- The potential difference (voltage) from the battery in Circuit A is shared between the three bulbs, so each bulb only gets a smaller share of the potential difference than the original single bulb had.
- With less current through it and a smaller share of the potential difference, each bulb in Circuit A is dimmer than the original single bulb.
- In Circuit B (parallel), each bulb is connected directly across the same battery, so each bulb still has the full potential difference of the battery across it, the same as the original single bulb.
- Adding more bulbs in parallel provides extra branches (paths) for current, increasing the total current drawn from the battery, but it does not reduce the potential difference across, or the current through, each individual bulb.
- Because each bulb in Circuit B keeps the same potential difference across it and the same current through it as the original single bulb, none of the bulbs in Circuit B is dimmer than the original.

Science: Full Practice Paper 5 - Worksheets, Questions and Revision

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CE.S-T5 Science: Full Practice Paper 5

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