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13+ · Science

CE.S-T6 Science: Full Practice Paper 6

ISEB COMMON ENTRANCE CE.S-T6 · Calculator allowed · about 60 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.

Which gland in the human body produces insulin, a hormone that helps to control blood glucose (sugar) levels?

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pancreas
C) Adrenal gland
D) Pituitary gland

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart, usually under high pressure?

A) Vein
B) Artery
C) Capillary
D) Valve

(Total for Question 2 is 1 mark)

Priya is investigating whether the concentration of an antiseptic mouthwash affects the growth of bacteria. She soaks four identical paper discs in four different concentrations of the mouthwash (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%), places one disc on each of four identical agar plates that have already been spread with the same amount of the same bacteria, and incubates all four plates at the same temperature for 48 hours. She then measures the diameter of the clear area (with no bacterial growth) around each disc.

Mouthwash concentration (%): 0	25	50	100
Diameter of clear area (mm): 0	8	15	22

(a)Identify the independent variable in Priya's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Priya kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the relationship between mouthwash concentration and the diameter of the clear area shown by the results.(1)

(d)Suggest why Priya included a disc soaked in 0% mouthwash (plain water) in her investigation.(1)

(Total for Question 3 is 4 marks)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about the classification of living things.

(a)All living things can be sorted into large groups. Green plants, which make their own food by photosynthesis, belong to the plant ______.(1)

(b)Living things such as mushrooms and moulds, which feed by absorbing nutrients from other organisms rather than by photosynthesis, belong to the ______ kingdom.(1)

(Total for Question 4 is 2 marks)

Describe the job of each of these four parts of the human urinary system: the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra.

(a)The kidneys.(1)

(b)The ureters.(1)

(c)The bladder.(1)

(d)The urethra.(1)

(Total for Question 5 is 4 marks)

Explain the difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction, giving one example of an organism that reproduces asexually.

(Total for Question 6 is 2 marks)

Tom is investigating how temperature affects the activity of the enzyme catalase, found in liver cells, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. He adds the same small piece of liver to the same volume and concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution at four different temperatures, and measures the volume of oxygen gas collected in a measuring cylinder after 60 seconds.

Temperature (degC): 10	25	37	60
Volume of oxygen collected (cm³): 4	12	24	2

(a)Identify the independent variable in Tom's investigation.(1)

(b)Identify the dependent variable in Tom's investigation.(1)

(c)Describe the pattern shown by the results between 10 degC and 37 degC.(1)

(d)Suggest why the volume of oxygen collected was much lower at 60 degC than at 37 degC, even though 60 degC is a higher temperature.(1)

(Total for Question 7 is 4 marks)

A class grows sunflower seedlings and runner bean seedlings under identical conditions and measures the mean height of each type once a week.

Week: 0	1	2	3	4
Sunflower mean height (cm): 2	6	11\| 17\| 24
Runner bean mean height (cm): 2	5	9	14\| 19

(a)Calculate the increase in mean height of the sunflower seedlings between week 0 and week 4.(1)

(b)Calculate the mean rate of growth of the sunflower seedlings, in cm per week, over the four weeks.(1)

(c)State which type of seedling, sunflower or runner bean, grew taller over the four weeks, using the data to support your answer.(1)

(d)Suggest one factor, other than the type of seedling, that the class should have controlled to make this a fair comparison.(1)

(Total for Question 8 is 4 marks)

Explain how the structure of a red blood cell is adapted to its function of carrying oxygen around the body.

(Total for Question 9 is 3 marks)

Bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics over time, meaning some infections become harder to treat. Explain, using ideas about variation and natural selection, how a population of bacteria can become resistant to an antibiotic after repeated use of that antibiotic.

(Total for Question 10 is 6 marks)

Which subatomic particle has no electric charge and is found, along with protons, in the nucleus of an atom?

A) Electron
B) Proton
C) Neutron
D) Ion

(Total for Question 11 is 1 mark)

Which of these is an example of a chemical change, rather than a physical change?

A) Melting an ice cube
B) Dissolving sugar in tea
C) Burning a piece of paper
D) Boiling water in a kettle

(Total for Question 12 is 1 mark)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about atoms.

(a)At the centre of every atom is a tiny, dense region called the ______, which contains the protons and neutrons.(1)

(b)Tiny particles with a negative charge, called ______, move around the nucleus of an atom, arranged in shells (energy levels).(1)

(Total for Question 13 is 2 marks)

Describe the purpose of each of these three techniques used to separate mixtures: filtration, evaporation, and distillation.

(a)Filtration.(1)

(b)Evaporation.(1)

(c)Distillation.(1)

(Total for Question 14 is 3 marks)

Leon is investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid, which react to form a cloudy yellow precipitate of sulfur. He places a conical flask containing the same volume and concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution over a printed black cross, adds the same volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid, starts a stopwatch, and times how long it takes until the cross can no longer be seen through the cloudy mixture. He repeats this at four different temperatures.

Temperature (degC): 10	25	40	55
Time for cross to disappear (s): 240	95	42	19

(a)Identify the independent variable in Leon's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Leon kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the relationship between temperature and the time taken for the cross to disappear.(1)

(d)Explain, in terms of particles, why increasing the temperature increases the rate of this reaction.(1)

(Total for Question 15 is 4 marks)

Zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas:

Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2

In an experiment, 6.5 g of zinc reacts completely with 9.8 g of dilute sulfuric acid, producing 16.1 g of zinc sulfate. Calculate the mass of hydrogen gas produced.

(Total for Question 16 is 2 marks)

Explain what happens, in terms of pH and the substances formed, when a dilute acid reacts with an alkali. Name the two products formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.

(Total for Question 17 is 3 marks)

A pupil places a clean iron nail into a test tube of blue copper sulfate solution and leaves it for ten minutes.

(a)Describe one observation the pupil would make about the iron nail after ten minutes.(1)

(b)Describe one observation the pupil would make about the colour of the solution after ten minutes.(1)

(c)Name the type of reaction that has taken place, and explain, using ideas about reactivity, why it happens.(1)

(d)Write a word equation for this reaction.(1)

(Total for Question 18 is 4 marks)

A pupil is investigating which of four indigestion tablets (W, X, Y and Z) is best at neutralising excess stomach acid. She adds the same volume and concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid (representing stomach acid) to four flasks, adds a few drops of universal indicator to each, and then adds crushed tablets of the same mass, one type per flask, recording the volume of acid it takes before the indicator turns green (neutral).

Tablet: W	X	Y	Z
Volume of acid neutralised (cm³): 12	28	19	35

(a)Identify the dependent variable in this investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that should be kept the same for this to be a fair test.(1)

(c)State which tablet, W, X, Y or Z, was the most effective at neutralising the acid, using the data to support your answer.(1)

(d)Suggest why the pupil crushed each tablet before adding it to the acid, rather than adding it whole.(1)

(Total for Question 19 is 4 marks)

Sodium, magnesium and gold are all metals with different positions in the reactivity series. Explain, using ideas about the reactivity series, what would be observed when a small piece of each metal is added separately to cold water, and why the metals behave differently.

(Total for Question 20 is 4 marks)

Which of these is an example of a non-contact force?

A) Friction
B) Air resistance
C) Gravity
D) The normal contact force from a table

(Total for Question 21 is 1 mark)

When white light passes through a glass prism, it splits into a spectrum of colours. Which colour of light is refracted (bent) the most?

A) Red
B) Orange
C) Green
D) Violet

(Total for Question 22 is 1 mark)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about mass and weight.

(a)The ______ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains; it is measured in kilograms (kg) and does not change if the object is taken to a different planet.(1)

(b)The ______ of an object is the force of gravity acting on it; it is measured in newtons (N) and would be different on the Moon, where gravity is weaker.(1)

(Total for Question 23 is 2 marks)

Describe what is meant by each of these three types of energy store: the kinetic energy store, the gravitational potential energy store, and the elastic (strain) energy store.

(a)The kinetic energy store.(1)

(b)The gravitational potential energy store.(1)

(c)The elastic (strain) energy store.(1)

(Total for Question 24 is 3 marks)

Ade is investigating how the load (weight) inside a shoebox affects the force of friction acting on it. He places different numbers of identical 100 g masses inside the same shoebox, and pulls the box at a steady speed across the same carpet each time, using a newtonmeter (forcemeter) to measure the force needed.

Number of 100 g masses in the box: 1	2	3	4
Force needed to pull the box (N): 1.2	2.3	3.5	4.6

(a)Identify the independent variable in Ade's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Ade kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the relationship between the load in the box and the force needed to pull it.(1)

(d)Predict the force needed to pull the box if 5 of the 100 g masses were placed inside, assuming the pattern in the results continues.(1)

(Total for Question 25 is 4 marks)

A wooden crate weighing 180 N rests on a warehouse floor. The base of the crate is a rectangle measuring 0.6 m by 0.5 m.

(a)Calculate the area of the base of the crate.(1)

(b)Using the formula pressure = force / area, calculate the pressure the crate exerts on the floor. Give the unit with your answer.(2)

(Total for Question 26 is 3 marks)

Explain why a car's overall stopping distance is greater when the road is wet than when the road is dry, referring to ideas about friction.

(Total for Question 27 is 3 marks)

Bilal is investigating how the distance from a lamp affects the brightness (light intensity) of the light reaching a light sensor. He places the light sensor at different distances from the same lamp, in a darkened room, and records the light intensity reading each time.

Distance from lamp (cm): 20	40	60	80
Light intensity (arbitrary units): 100	25	11	6

(a)Identify the independent variable in Bilal's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Bilal kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the pattern shown by the results.(1)

(d)Suggest why it was important for Bilal to carry out this investigation in a darkened room.(1)

(Total for Question 28 is 4 marks)

Explain why the Moon appears to change shape (go through phases, such as a crescent, half-moon and full moon) over the course of a month, even though the Moon itself does not change shape.

(Total for Question 29 is 4 marks)

A pupil makes an electromagnet by wrapping insulated wire around an iron nail and connecting the ends of the wire to a battery. State two ways she could increase the strength of her electromagnet, and explain one advantage an electromagnet has over a permanent (ordinary bar) magnet.

(Total for Question 30 is 4 marks)

Mark scheme · CE.S-T6 Science: Full Practice Paper 6

Question 1

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Pancreas

Question 2

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Artery

Question 3

(a) B1 the concentration of the mouthwash oe
(a) Answer: The concentration of the mouthwash.
(b) B1 any one of: the type/species of bacteria used; the amount of bacteria spread onto each plate; the incubation temperature; the incubation time (48 hours); the size of the paper disc oe
(b) Answer: For example, the incubation temperature.
(c) B1 as the concentration of mouthwash increases, the diameter of the clear area (with no bacterial growth) increases oe
(c) Answer: As the mouthwash concentration increases, the diameter of the clear area increases.
(d) B1 it acts as a control, showing that any clear area at other concentrations is caused by the mouthwash itself (its antiseptic effect) and not by some other factor, such as the disc or the water oe
(d) Answer: It acts as a control, showing that the clear areas seen at higher concentrations are caused by the antiseptic in the mouthwash, not by the disc or water alone.

Question 4

(a) B1 kingdom cao
(a) Answer: Kingdom
(b) B1 fungi (accept fungus/fungal) cao
(b) Answer: Fungi

Question 5

(a) B1 filter the blood, removing urea and excess water/salts, to produce urine oe
(a) Answer: The kidneys filter the blood, removing urea and excess water and salts, to produce urine.
(b) B1 carry urine from each kidney down to the bladder oe
(b) Answer: The ureters carry urine from each kidney down to the bladder.
(c) B1 stores urine until it is convenient/ready to be released (urinated) oe
(c) Answer: The bladder stores urine until it is convenient to release it.
(d) B1 carries urine from the bladder out of the body oe
(d) Answer: The urethra carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

Question 6

B1 sexual reproduction involves two parents (a male and a female gamete/sex cell) combining their genetic information, producing offspring that are genetically different from both parents oe
B1 asexual reproduction involves only one parent, producing offspring that are genetically identical to that parent (a clone); example: e.g. bacteria, strawberry plants (via runners), or Hydra (accept any valid example) oe
Answer: Sexual reproduction involves two parents, whose gametes combine to produce genetically different offspring. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent, producing genetically identical offspring (clones); for example, strawberry plants can reproduce asexually by growing runners.

Question 7

(a) B1 temperature oe
(a) Answer: Temperature.
(b) B1 the volume of oxygen gas collected (in 60 seconds) oe
(b) Answer: The volume of oxygen gas collected.
(c) B1 as temperature increases (from 10 degC to 37 degC), the volume of oxygen collected (rate of reaction) increases oe
(c) Answer: As temperature increases from 10 degC to 37 degC, the volume of oxygen collected increases.
(d) B1 at 60 degC the high temperature has denatured (damaged/changed the shape of) the catalase enzyme (its active site), so it can no longer work effectively/break down hydrogen peroxide as quickly oe
(d) Answer: At 60 degC the high temperature has denatured the catalase enzyme, changing the shape of its active site so it can no longer break down hydrogen peroxide effectively.

Question 8

(a) B1 22 cm cao (working: 24 - 2)
(a) Answer: 22 cm
(b) B1 5.5 cm per week cao (working: 22 / 4)
(b) Answer: 5.5 cm per week
(c) B1 sunflower; because its mean height increased by 22 cm (from 2 cm to 24 cm), compared with the runner bean's increase of 17 cm (from 2 cm to 19 cm) oe
(c) Answer: The sunflower grew taller: its height increased by 22 cm compared with the runner bean's increase of 17 cm.
(d) B1 any one of: the amount of light each type received; the amount of water given; the temperature; the type/amount of soil or compost used; the size/type of pot used oe
(d) Answer: For example, the amount of water given to each type of seedling.

Question 9

B1 it has a biconcave disc shape, which increases its surface area (relative to its volume), allowing oxygen to diffuse in and out more quickly oe
B1 it contains no nucleus, leaving more space inside the cell to be packed with haemoglobin oe
B1 it contains haemoglobin, a protein that binds (reversibly) to oxygen, allowing the cell to carry a large amount of oxygen oe
Answer: A red blood cell has a biconcave disc shape, which increases its surface area for faster diffusion of oxygen. It has no nucleus, leaving more room to be packed with haemoglobin, the protein that binds to oxygen and allows the cell to carry it around the body.

Question 10

Level 1 (1-2): Basic, isolated statement(s) about bacteria, antibiotics or resistance, with little or no linking to variation or natural selection.
Level 2 (3-4): Some relevant ideas about variation among bacteria and the antibiotic killing non-resistant bacteria are given, but the explanation of how resistance spreads through the population is incomplete or not fully linked.
Level 3 (5-6): A clear, logically linked explanation using the ideas of variation, survival advantage and reproduction to explain how resistance builds up in the population over repeated use of the antibiotic.
Indicative content:
- Bacteria in a population show natural variation; by chance, a small number may already have a mutation that makes them resistant to the antibiotic.
- When the antibiotic is used, it kills the non-resistant bacteria, but the resistant bacteria survive because the antibiotic does not affect them.
- The surviving resistant bacteria are able to reproduce, without competition from the non-resistant bacteria that have been killed.
- Because bacteria reproduce very quickly and pass on their genes/DNA to offspring, the resistant bacteria's offspring, which also carry the resistance, increase in number.
- Over repeated rounds of antibiotic use, a greater and greater proportion of the population becomes made up of resistant bacteria, until eventually most or all of the population is resistant.
- This process is an example of natural selection: the antibiotic acts as a selection pressure, and only the best-adapted (resistant) bacteria survive and reproduce.

Question 11

B1 C cao
Answer: C) Neutron

Question 12

B1 C cao
Answer: C) Burning a piece of paper

Question 13

(a) B1 nucleus cao
(a) Answer: Nucleus
(b) B1 electrons cao
(b) Answer: Electrons

Question 14

(a) B1 used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid, by passing the mixture through a filter paper (or similar), which lets the liquid through but not the solid oe
(a) Answer: Filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid, by passing the mixture through a filter paper that lets the liquid through but not the solid.
(b) B1 used to separate a soluble solid (a dissolved salt) from a solution, by heating the solution so the liquid evaporates away, leaving the solid behind oe
(b) Answer: Evaporation separates a dissolved solid from a solution by heating the solution so the liquid evaporates away, leaving the solid behind.
(c) B1 used to separate a liquid from a solution (or to separate two liquids with different boiling points), by heating to evaporate the liquid, then cooling and condensing the vapour to collect it separately oe
(c) Answer: Distillation separates a liquid from a solution by heating to evaporate the liquid, then cooling and condensing the vapour to collect the liquid separately.

Question 15

(a) B1 temperature oe
(a) Answer: Temperature.
(b) B1 any one of: the volume of sodium thiosulfate solution; the concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution; the volume of hydrochloric acid; the concentration of hydrochloric acid; the same cross/mark used to judge disappearance oe
(b) Answer: For example, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid.
(c) B1 as temperature increases, the time taken for the cross to disappear decreases oe
(c) Answer: As temperature increases, the time taken for the cross to disappear decreases.
(d) B1 at a higher temperature, the particles have more energy and move faster, so they collide with each other more often and more of the collisions have enough energy to react (successful collisions), increasing the rate of reaction oe
(d) Answer: At a higher temperature, particles have more energy and move faster, so they collide more often and more collisions have enough energy to react, increasing the rate of reaction.

Question 16

M1 total mass of reactants = 6.5 + 9.8 (= 16.3 g) oe
A1 0.2 g cao
Answer: 0.2 g

Question 17

B1 this is called a neutralisation reaction; the acid and alkali react so that the pH of the mixture moves towards pH 7 (neutral) oe
B1 the reaction produces a salt and water oe
B1 for hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, the products are sodium chloride and water oe
Answer: This is a neutralisation reaction: the pH of the mixture moves towards pH 7 as the acid and alkali react, forming a salt and water. Hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide produces sodium chloride and water.

Question 18

(a) B1 an orange/reddish-brown coating (of copper) forms on the surface of the iron nail oe
(a) Answer: An orange-brown coating of copper forms on the surface of the nail.
(b) B1 the blue colour of the solution fades/becomes paler (as copper sulfate is used up and iron sulfate, which is pale green, forms) oe
(b) Answer: The blue colour of the solution fades and becomes paler.
(c) B1 this is a displacement reaction; it happens because iron is more reactive than copper, so iron displaces (pushes out) copper from the copper sulfate solution oe
(c) Answer: This is a displacement reaction, which happens because iron is more reactive than copper, so it displaces copper from the copper sulfate solution.
(d) B1 iron + copper sulfate -> iron sulfate + copper cao
(d) Answer: Iron + copper sulfate -> iron sulfate + copper

Question 19

(a) B1 the volume of acid neutralised (before the indicator turns green) oe
(a) Answer: The volume of acid neutralised.
(b) B1 any one of: the volume of hydrochloric acid used; the concentration of hydrochloric acid used; the mass of tablet used; the number of drops of indicator used oe
(b) Answer: For example, the mass of tablet used in each flask.
(c) B1 tablet Z; because it neutralised the largest volume of acid (35 cm³), more than tablets W, X or Y oe
(c) Answer: Tablet Z, because it neutralised the largest volume of acid, 35 cm^3.
(d) B1 crushing the tablet increases its surface area, so the acid can react with it more quickly, allowing the reaction to reach neutral (green) within a reasonable time oe
(d) Answer: Crushing the tablet increases its surface area so it reacts with the acid more quickly.

Question 20

B1 sodium reacts vigorously (violently) with cold water: it fizzes rapidly, moves/skates around on the surface, and may melt into a ball (and can ignite), because it is a very reactive metal oe
B1 magnesium reacts only very slowly with cold water, producing a few small bubbles of gas very slowly, because it is much less reactive than sodium oe
B1 gold shows no visible reaction at all with cold water, because it is an extremely unreactive metal (very low down the reactivity series) oe
B1 the differences occur because sodium is much higher in the reactivity series than magnesium, which is much higher than gold; the higher up the reactivity series a metal is, the more readily/vigorously it reacts oe
Answer: Sodium reacts vigorously with cold water, fizzing rapidly and moving across the surface. Magnesium reacts only very slowly, producing occasional small bubbles. Gold shows no reaction at all. This is because sodium is much higher in the reactivity series than magnesium, which is much higher than gold, and metals higher in the reactivity series react more vigorously.

Question 21

B1 C cao
Answer: C) Gravity

Question 22

B1 D cao
Answer: D) Violet

Question 23

(a) B1 mass cao
(a) Answer: Mass
(b) B1 weight cao
(b) Answer: Weight

Question 24

(a) B1 the energy a moving object has because of its speed/motion; the faster (or more massive) it moves, the more energy it stores oe
(a) Answer: The kinetic energy store is the energy an object has because it is moving; the faster or more massive it is, the more energy it stores.
(b) B1 the energy an object has because of its height above the ground (or a reference point); the higher (or more massive) it is, the more energy it stores oe
(b) Answer: The gravitational potential energy store is the energy an object has because of its height above the ground; the higher or more massive it is, the more energy it stores.
(c) B1 the energy stored in an object, such as a spring or elastic band, when it is stretched or squashed (compressed) oe
(c) Answer: The elastic (strain) energy store is the energy stored in an object, such as a spring, when it is stretched or squashed.

Question 25

(a) B1 the number of masses (the load/weight) placed in the box oe
(a) Answer: The number of masses (the load) placed in the box.
(b) B1 any one of: the type of surface (carpet); the speed at which the box was pulled; the shoebox used oe
(b) Answer: For example, the type of surface the box was pulled across.
(c) B1 as the load (number of masses) in the box increases, the force needed to pull the box (the friction) increases oe
(c) Answer: As the load in the box increases, the force needed to pull the box increases.
(d) B1 awrt 5.7-5.8 N, following the pattern of the results (the force increases by about 1.1-1.2 N for each extra 100 g mass) oe ft
(d) Answer: Approximately 5.7-5.8 N.

Question 26

(a) B1 0.3 m² cao (working: 0.6 x 0.5)
(a) Answer: 0.3 m²
(b) M1 correct substitution: pressure = 180 / 0.3 oe
(b) A1 600 Pa (accept 600 N/m²) cao
(b) Answer: 600 Pa

Question 27

B1 a car's stopping distance is made up of the thinking distance (while the driver reacts) plus the braking distance (while the brakes bring the car to a stop) oe
B1 on a wet road there is less friction between the car's tyres and the road surface oe
B1 with less friction/grip, the brakes are less able to slow the car down, so the braking distance (and therefore the overall stopping distance) is greater oe
Answer: Stopping distance is thinking distance plus braking distance. On a wet road, there is less friction between the tyres and the road, so the brakes cannot slow the car down as effectively, increasing the braking distance and therefore the overall stopping distance.

Question 28

(a) B1 the distance from the lamp to the light sensor oe
(a) Answer: The distance from the lamp to the light sensor.
(b) B1 any one of: the brightness/power of the lamp used; the light level in the room (carried out in a darkened room); the light sensor used oe
(b) Answer: For example, the brightness (power) of the lamp used.
(c) B1 as the distance from the lamp increases, the light intensity reaching the sensor decreases (rapidly at first, then more slowly) oe
(c) Answer: As the distance from the lamp increases, the light intensity decreases, rapidly at first and then more slowly.
(d) B1 to prevent other sources of light (such as room lighting or sunlight) from affecting the light intensity readings, so that only the light from the lamp being tested is measured oe
(d) Answer: To prevent other sources of light, such as room lighting or sunlight, from affecting the readings.

Question 29

B1 the Moon does not produce its own light; it is only visible because it reflects sunlight oe
B1 at any time, only one half of the Moon (the half facing the Sun) is lit up by sunlight oe
B1 as the Moon orbits the Earth (over about a month), the amount of the Moon's lit half that we can see from Earth changes oe
B1 this changing view of the lit portion is what causes the Moon to appear to change shape (go through phases) over the month oe
Answer: The Moon does not produce its own light; we only see it because it reflects sunlight, and at any time only the half facing the Sun is lit. As the Moon orbits the Earth over about a month, the amount of this lit half that we can see from Earth changes, which is what makes the Moon appear to go through phases.

Question 30

B1 increase the number of turns of wire wrapped around the nail oe
B1 increase the current in the circuit, e.g. by using more cells/a higher-voltage battery oe
B1 unlike a permanent magnet, an electromagnet can be switched on and off (and its strength can be increased or decreased) oe
B1 this is useful because, for example, a crane fitted with an electromagnet can pick up scrap metal when switched on, then release it by switching the current off oe
Answer: The strength of the electromagnet could be increased by adding more turns of wire around the nail, or by increasing the current, for example using more cells. An advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet is that it can be switched on and off, and its strength varied; this is useful because a crane fitted with an electromagnet can pick up scrap metal when the current is switched on, then release it by switching the current off.

Science: Full Practice Paper 6 - Worksheets, Questions and Revision