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13+ · Science

CE.S-T9 Science: Full Practice Paper 9

ISEB COMMON ENTRANCE CE.S-T9 · Calculator allowed · about 60 minutes

Total Marks

Name: _______________________________ Date: ____ / ____ / ______

Answer ALL questions. Show all your working.

Which nutrient in food is the main source of energy for the body and is broken down during digestion into simple sugars, such as glucose?

A) Protein
B) Carbohydrate
C) Vitamin
D) Fibre

(Total for Question 1 is 1 mark)

Which part of the human skeleton is mainly responsible for producing new red blood cells and white blood cells?

A) The skull
B) Bone marrow
C) Cartilage
D) Ligaments

(Total for Question 2 is 1 mark)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about human reproduction and pregnancy.

(a)After fertilisation, the fertilised egg (zygote) travels to and implants into the lining of the ______.(1)

(b)The organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and allows oxygen, nutrients and waste products to be exchanged between the mother's blood and the fetus's blood is called the ______.(1)

(Total for Question 3 is 2 marks)

Which type of pathogen (disease-causing microorganism) is responsible for causing the common cold and influenza (flu)?

A) Bacterium
B) Virus
C) Fungus
D) Protist

(Total for Question 4 is 1 mark)

Aisha is investigating how the concentration of sugar solution affects the rate of carbon dioxide production by yeast during fermentation (respiration). She mixes the same volume of yeast suspension with 20 cm3 of sugar solution at four different concentrations, in a flask connected by a delivery tube to an upturned measuring cylinder full of water, and counts how many bubbles of gas collect in the measuring cylinder in 5 minutes, keeping the flask in a water bath at the same temperature each time.

Sugar concentration (%): 5	10	15	20
Bubbles collected in 5 minutes: 12	26	41	44

(a)Identify the independent variable in Aisha's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Aisha kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the pattern shown by the results.(1)

(d)Suggest why the rate of fermentation increases less between 15% and 20% sugar concentration than it did at lower concentrations.(1)

(Total for Question 5 is 4 marks)

Describe the job of each of these three parts of the human breathing (ventilation) system: the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles, and the trachea.

(a)The diaphragm.(1)

(b)The intercostal muscles.(1)

(c)The trachea.(1)

(Total for Question 6 is 3 marks)

Describe the function of each of these three organs of the human reproductive system: the testes, the ovaries, and the uterus.

(Total for Question 7 is 3 marks)

Callum is investigating how the concentration of an alcohol-based hand sanitiser affects the growth of bacteria. He spreads the same amount of bacteria evenly onto four identical agar plates, then places a paper disc soaked in a different concentration of hand sanitiser in the centre of each plate. After incubating the plates for 48 hours, he measures the diameter of the clear zone (where no bacteria have grown) around each disc.

Hand sanitiser concentration (%): 20	40	60	80
Diameter of clear zone (mm): 6	11	15	16

(a)Identify the independent variable in Callum's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Callum kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the pattern shown by the results.(1)

(d)Suggest what these results show about the effectiveness of hand sanitiser at different concentrations.(1)

(Total for Question 8 is 4 marks)

Zainab is investigating whether daisies are more densely distributed on a school playing field (which is regularly mown) than on a nearby verge (which is left unmown). She places a 0.5 m x 0.5 m (0.25 m2) quadrat at ten random points in each area, using random number coordinates to choose the positions, and counts the number of daisy plants inside each quadrat.

Playing field, daisies per quadrat (10 quadrats): 3, 5, 4, 6, 2, 5, 4, 3, 5, 3
Verge, daisies per quadrat (10 quadrats): 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0

(a)Name the piece of equipment Zainab used to sample a fixed area in each location.(1)

(b)Explain why Zainab chose the position of each quadrat using random number coordinates, rather than choosing positions herself.(1)

(c)Calculate the mean number of daisies per quadrat on the playing field.(1)

(d)Using the mean numbers of daisies per quadrat, state and explain which area has the higher density of daisies.(1)

(Total for Question 9 is 4 marks)

Fish have a single circulatory system, in which blood passes through the heart once for each complete circuit of the body. Humans, however, have a double circulatory system, in which blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit: once through the pulmonary circuit (heart to lungs and back) and once through the systemic circuit (heart to the rest of the body and back). Explain why having a double circulatory system, rather than a single one, is an advantage for a large, active animal such as a human.

(Total for Question 10 is 6 marks)

Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of an atom and has a relative charge of +1?

A) Electron
B) Proton
C) Neutron
D) Ion

(Total for Question 11 is 1 mark)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about hazard symbols used to label chemicals.

(a)The hazard symbol showing a flame is used to warn that a substance is ______.(1)

(b)The hazard symbol showing a skull and crossbones is used to warn that a substance is ______.(1)

(Total for Question 12 is 2 marks)

Which piece of equipment should be used to hold a test tube safely while heating its contents over a Bunsen burner?

A) Tongs
B) A test tube holder
C) A tripod
D) A mortar and pestle

(Total for Question 13 is 1 mark)

Farah investigates the dyes used in a green food colouring using paper chromatography. She places a small spot of the food colouring near the bottom of a strip of chromatography paper, then stands the paper in a shallow layer of solvent, which soaks up the paper, carrying the dyes with it.

(a)State what it would show if the chromatogram of the food colouring separated into two different spots, rather than staying as a single spot.(1)

(b)In Farah's chromatogram, the solvent front (the leading edge of the solvent) travelled 10 cm from the starting line, and one of the dye spots travelled 4 cm from the starting line. Calculate the Rf value of this dye spot, using Rf = distance travelled by spot / distance travelled by solvent.(2)

(c)Suggest how Farah could use Rf values to identify which specific dyes are present in the food colouring.(1)

(Total for Question 14 is 4 marks)

Describe three physical properties that are typical of most metals.

(Total for Question 15 is 3 marks)

Copper oxide is an insoluble black solid. Describe, in order, the main steps a pupil could follow to prepare a pure, dry sample of copper sulfate crystals by reacting copper oxide with dilute sulfuric acid.

(a)Describe the first step, involving warming the acid and adding the copper oxide.(1)

(b)Describe the next step, and explain why it is needed.(1)

(c)Describe how the pupil would obtain crystals from the copper sulfate solution.(1)

(d)Describe how the pupil would obtain the final dry crystals.(1)

(Total for Question 16 is 4 marks)

Malik is investigating how temperature affects the rate of reaction between magnesium ribbon and dilute hydrochloric acid. He adds an identical 3 cm length of magnesium ribbon to 20 cm3 of the same concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid, warmed to a different temperature each time, and uses a stopwatch to time how long it takes for the magnesium ribbon to completely disappear.

Temperature of acid (degrees C): 20	30	40	50
Time for ribbon to disappear (s): 88	52	29	17

(a)Identify the independent variable in Malik's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Malik kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the relationship between temperature and the time taken for the ribbon to disappear.(1)

(d)Explain, in terms of particles, why increasing the temperature increases the rate of this reaction.(1)

(Total for Question 17 is 4 marks)

Calcium metal burns in oxygen to form calcium oxide.

(a)Balance this symbol equation for the reaction: Ca + O2 -> CaO(1)

(b)In an experiment, 10 g of calcium burns completely in oxygen, producing 14 g of calcium oxide. Calculate the mass of oxygen used in the reaction.(2)

(c)State whether this reaction is exothermic or endothermic, and give a reason for your answer.(1)

(Total for Question 18 is 4 marks)

Molten lead bromide (PbBr2) can be electrolysed, splitting it into its elements using electricity. It contains lead ions (Pb2+) and bromide ions (Br-).

(a)Name the product formed at the negative electrode (cathode), and explain, in terms of ions, why it forms there.(2)

(b)Name the product formed at the positive electrode (anode), and explain, in terms of ions, why it forms there.(2)

(Total for Question 19 is 4 marks)

Metals, such as copper, are good conductors of electricity, whereas non-metal solids, such as sulfur, generally are not. Explain, in terms of the structure of a metal and the particles it contains, why metals are able to conduct electricity.

(Total for Question 20 is 6 marks)

Which piece of equipment is connected in series in a circuit to measure the current flowing through it?

A) Voltmeter
B) Ammeter
C) Thermometer
D) Barometer

(Total for Question 21 is 1 mark)

Which of these statements about sound waves and light waves is correct?

A) Sound waves can travel through a vacuum, but light waves cannot.
B) Light waves can travel through a vacuum, but sound waves cannot.
C) Both sound waves and light waves can travel through a vacuum.
D) Neither sound waves nor light waves can travel through a vacuum.

(Total for Question 22 is 1 mark)

Complete the two missing words in these sentences about magnetism.

(a)The region of space around a magnet in which its magnetic force can act on other magnetic materials is called the magnetic ______.(1)

(b)The end of a freely suspended compass needle that points towards the Earth's north geographic pole is called the needle's ______-seeking pole.(1)

(Total for Question 23 is 2 marks)

Idris is investigating how the number of turns of insulated wire wrapped around an iron nail affects the strength of an electromagnet. He connects the coil to the same battery and switch each time, and measures strength by counting the maximum number of identical paperclips the electromagnet can pick up.

Number of turns of wire: 10	20	30	40
Maximum paperclips picked up: 3	6	9	14

(a)Identify the independent variable in Idris's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Idris kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the pattern shown by the results.(1)

(d)Explain, in terms of magnetic fields, why increasing the number of turns of wire increases the strength of the electromagnet.(1)

(Total for Question 24 is 4 marks)

A wind turbine is designed to transfer the kinetic energy of moving air (wind) into electrical energy. However, not all of the energy supplied to the turbine's blades ends up as electrical energy.

(a)State the useful energy transfer that takes place in the wind turbine.(1)

(b)State what happens to the rest of the energy supplied to the turbine, and name the form this wasted energy usually takes.(1)

(c)State the principle of conservation of energy that links the useful and wasted energy transferred by the turbine.(1)

(Total for Question 25 is 3 marks)

A sound wave travels through air at a speed of 340 m/s and has a frequency of 340 Hz. Using the formula wave speed = frequency x wavelength, calculate the wavelength of this sound wave.

(Total for Question 26 is 2 marks)

A spanner is used to turn a nut around a pivot (the centre of the nut).

(a)Calculate the moment (turning effect) produced when a force of 25 N is applied at a distance of 0.4 m from the pivot, using moment = force x distance from the pivot.(2)

(b)A different force is applied at a distance of 0.5 m from the pivot, and produces the same moment as in part (a). Calculate the size of this force.(2)

(Total for Question 27 is 4 marks)

Poppy is investigating how the angle of incidence affects the angle of refraction when a ray of light passes from air into a rectangular glass block. She uses a ray box to direct a ray of light at the flat surface of the glass block at different angles, measured from the normal (a line at right angles to the surface), and measures the angle of refraction of the ray inside the glass, also from the normal.

Angle of incidence (degrees): 20	40	60	80
Angle of refraction (degrees): 13	25	35	40

(a)Identify the independent variable in Poppy's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Poppy kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the pattern shown by the results.(1)

(d)Explain why the light ray bends towards the normal as it passes from air into the glass block.(1)

(Total for Question 28 is 4 marks)

Layla is investigating how the height from which a rubber ball is dropped affects the height it bounces back up to. She drops the same ball from different heights above a hard floor, measured using a metre ruler clamped upright, and records the maximum height the ball bounces back up to each time.

Drop height (cm): 40	60	80	100
Bounce height (cm): 26	39	51	64

(a)Identify the independent variable in Layla's investigation.(1)

(b)State one variable that Layla kept the same to make this a fair test.(1)

(c)Describe the pattern shown by the results.(1)

(d)Explain why the ball never bounces back up to the same height it was dropped from.(1)

(Total for Question 29 is 4 marks)

The UK experiences warmer, longer days in summer and colder, shorter days in winter. This is not because the Earth is closer to the Sun in summer (in fact, the Earth's distance from the Sun changes very little over the year). Explain what actually causes the seasons on Earth.

(Total for Question 30 is 6 marks)

Mark scheme · CE.S-T9 Science: Full Practice Paper 9

Question 1

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Carbohydrate

Question 2

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Bone marrow

Question 3

(a) B1 uterus (accept womb) cao
(a) Answer: Uterus (womb)
(b) B1 placenta cao
(b) Answer: Placenta

Question 4

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Virus

Question 5

(a) B1 the concentration of sugar solution oe
(a) Answer: The concentration of sugar solution.
(b) B1 any one of: the volume of yeast suspension; the volume of sugar solution (20 cm3); the temperature of the water bath; the time allowed (5 minutes) oe
(b) Answer: For example, the temperature of the water bath.
(c) B1 as the concentration of sugar solution increases, the number of bubbles collected (the rate of fermentation/carbon dioxide production) increases, although the increase becomes smaller between 15% and 20% oe
(c) Answer: As sugar concentration increases, the number of bubbles collected increases, although the increase is smaller between 15% and 20%.
(d) B1 at higher sugar concentrations, the yeast enzymes are already working close to their maximum rate, so there is little further increase (the reaction is limited by another factor, such as the amount/activity of enzyme, not by sugar availability) oe
(d) Answer: At higher concentrations the yeast's enzymes are already working close to their maximum rate, so a further increase in sugar makes little extra difference.

Question 6

(a) B1 a sheet of muscle below the lungs that contracts and flattens to help increase the volume of the chest cavity when breathing in oe
(a) Answer: The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that contracts and flattens to help increase the volume of the chest when breathing in.
(b) B1 muscles between the ribs that contract to pull the ribcage upwards and outwards, also increasing the volume of the chest cavity when breathing in oe
(b) Answer: The intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribcage upwards and outwards, increasing the volume of the chest when breathing in.
(c) B1 the windpipe; a tube, supported by rings of cartilage, that carries air between the throat and the bronchi (lungs), keeping the airway open oe
(c) Answer: The trachea (windpipe) is a tube, held open by rings of cartilage, that carries air between the throat and the lungs.

Question 7

B1 the testes produce sperm cells (and produce the hormone testosterone) oe
B1 the ovaries produce egg cells (ova) (and produce hormones such as oestrogen) oe
B1 the uterus is where a fertilised egg implants and the fetus develops (grows) during pregnancy oe
Answer: The testes produce sperm cells. The ovaries produce egg cells. The uterus is where a fertilised egg implants and the fetus develops during pregnancy.

Question 8

(a) B1 the concentration of hand sanitiser oe
(a) Answer: The concentration of hand sanitiser.
(b) B1 any one of: the amount/type of bacteria spread on each plate; the size of the agar plate; the incubation temperature; the incubation time (48 hours); the size of the paper disc oe
(b) Answer: For example, the amount of bacteria spread on each plate.
(c) B1 as the concentration of hand sanitiser increases, the diameter of the clear zone increases, although the increase becomes smaller between 60% and 80% oe
(c) Answer: As the concentration of hand sanitiser increases, the diameter of the clear zone increases, although the increase is smaller between 60% and 80%.
(d) B1 a higher concentration of hand sanitiser kills (or stops the growth of) more bacteria, so a stronger hand sanitiser is more effective at reducing bacteria oe
(d) Answer: A higher concentration of hand sanitiser is more effective, as shown by the larger clear zones where fewer bacteria grew.

Question 9

(a) B1 a quadrat cao
(a) Answer: A quadrat.
(b) B1 choosing positions herself could introduce bias (e.g. choosing areas that look like they have more/fewer daisies), so using random coordinates makes the sample representative of the whole area and avoids bias oe
(b) Answer: Choosing positions herself could introduce bias, for example by picking areas that already look like they have more or fewer daisies; random coordinates give a fair, representative sample.
(c) B1 4 cao (working: (3+5+4+6+2+5+4+3+5+3)/10 = 40/10)
(c) Answer: 4 daisies per quadrat.
(d) B1 the playing field; because its mean number of daisies per quadrat (4) is much higher than the verge's mean (0.6), showing daisies are more densely distributed there oe
(d) Answer: The playing field, because its mean of 4 daisies per quadrat is much higher than the verge's mean of 0.6 daisies per quadrat.

Question 10

Level 1 (1-2): Basic, isolated statement(s) about the heart, blood, or circulation, with little or no reference to blood pressure, oxygen delivery, or a comparison with a single circulatory system.
Level 2 (3-4): Some relevant ideas about blood being pumped twice, or about maintaining pressure/oxygen supply, are given, but the explanation of why this benefits a large, active animal is incomplete or not fully linked.
Level 3 (5-6): A clear, logically linked explanation of how a double circulatory system allows blood returning from the lungs to be re-pressurised before travelling to the body, maintaining a faster, higher-pressure supply of oxygenated blood suited to a large, active animal's needs.
Indicative content:
- In a single circulatory system, blood passes through the gills (or lungs) and then travels directly around the rest of the body before returning to the heart, so its pressure drops as it passes through the narrow capillaries of the gills/lungs, and it arrives at the body at fairly low pressure.
- In a human's double circulatory system, blood returning from the lungs (having lost pressure there) goes back to the heart and is pumped again, at higher pressure, into the systemic circuit around the rest of the body.
- This means the heart can pump blood to the body at a much higher pressure than a single circulatory system would allow, delivering oxygenated blood to body cells more quickly.
- A large, active animal such as a human has a high demand for oxygen and glucose to release energy (respiration) in its muscles and organs, especially during exercise.
- The faster, higher-pressure blood flow provided by a double circulatory system allows oxygen (and glucose) to be delivered to, and carbon dioxide removed from, respiring body cells more quickly than a single circulatory system could manage.
- This makes a double circulatory system better suited to supporting the higher metabolic/energy demands of a large, active, warm-blooded animal than a single circulatory system.

Question 11

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Proton

Question 12

(a) B1 flammable (accept highly flammable) cao
(a) Answer: Flammable
(b) B1 toxic (accept poisonous) cao
(b) Answer: Toxic

Question 13

B1 B cao
Answer: B) A test tube holder

Question 14

(a) B1 it would show that the green food colouring is a mixture of (at least) two different dyes, not a single pure dye oe
(a) Answer: It would show that the food colouring is a mixture of at least two different dyes, rather than a single pure dye.
(b) M1 correct substitution: Rf = 4 / 10 oe
(b) A1 0.4 cao
(b) Answer: 0.4
(c) B1 by running known reference dyes on the same paper, under the same conditions (same solvent/temperature), and comparing their Rf values with those of the unknown spots; matching Rf values suggest the same dye is present oe
(c) Answer: By running known reference dyes on the same chromatography paper under the same conditions and comparing their Rf values with the unknown spots; a match suggests the same dye is present.

Question 15

B1 good conductors of electricity oe
B1 good conductors of heat (thermal energy) oe
B1 malleable (can be hammered/bent into shape without shattering) oe (accept: high melting point; shiny/lustrous when freshly cut; high density; ductile, can be drawn into wires)
Answer: Most metals are good conductors of electricity, good conductors of heat, and malleable (can be bent or hammered into shape without shattering).

Question 16

(a) B1 warm the dilute sulfuric acid, then add the copper oxide powder a little at a time, stirring, until no more will react (until the copper oxide is in excess/some solid remains unreacted) oe
(a) Answer: Warm the dilute sulfuric acid, then add copper oxide powder gradually, stirring, until no more will react (excess solid remains).
(b) B1 filter the mixture, to remove the excess (unreacted) solid copper oxide, leaving a clear blue solution of copper sulfate oe
(b) Answer: Filter the mixture to remove the excess, unreacted copper oxide, leaving a clear blue copper sulfate solution.
(c) B1 gently heat/evaporate the solution (e.g. using a water bath or evaporating basin) until it is a saturated solution (until crystals just start to form / until about half the solution remains), then leave it to cool and crystallise oe
(c) Answer: Gently evaporate the solution until it is saturated (crystals just begin to form), then leave it to cool so the crystals form.
(d) B1 filter off the crystals and rinse with a small amount of cold distilled water, then leave them to dry (e.g. between sheets of filter paper, or in a warm place) oe
(d) Answer: Filter off the crystals, rinse with a little cold distilled water, then leave them to dry.

Question 17

(a) B1 the temperature of the hydrochloric acid oe
(a) Answer: The temperature of the hydrochloric acid.
(b) B1 any one of: the length/mass of magnesium ribbon; the volume of hydrochloric acid (20 cm3); the concentration of hydrochloric acid oe
(b) Answer: For example, the length of magnesium ribbon used.
(c) B1 as temperature increases, the time taken for the ribbon to disappear decreases (the rate of reaction increases) oe
(c) Answer: As temperature increases, the time taken for the ribbon to disappear decreases, so the rate of reaction increases.
(d) B1 at a higher temperature, particles move faster and have more energy, so they collide with each other more frequently and a greater proportion of collisions have enough energy (are above the activation energy) to react successfully, increasing the rate of reaction oe
(d) Answer: At a higher temperature, particles move faster and collide more often, and more of these collisions have enough energy to react successfully, increasing the rate of reaction.

Question 18

(a) B1 2Ca + O2 -> 2CaO cao
(a) Answer: 2Ca + O2 -> 2CaO
(b) M1 using conservation of mass: mass of oxygen = mass of CaO - mass of Ca oe
(b) A1 4 g cao
(b) Answer: 4 g
(c) B1 exothermic; because burning (combustion) releases energy/heat to the surroundings oe
(c) Answer: Exothermic, because burning releases heat energy to the surroundings.

Question 19

(a) B1 lead (Pb) cao
(a) B1 the positively charged lead ions (Pb2+) are attracted to the negative electrode, where they gain electrons (are reduced) to form lead atoms oe
(a) Answer: Lead forms at the cathode: the positive lead ions (Pb2+) are attracted to the negative electrode, where they gain electrons to form lead atoms.
(b) B1 bromine (Br2) cao
(b) B1 the negatively charged bromide ions (Br-) are attracted to the positive electrode, where they lose electrons (are oxidised) to form bromine atoms, which then pair up to form bromine molecules (Br2) oe
(b) Answer: Bromine forms at the anode: the negative bromide ions (Br-) are attracted to the positive electrode, where they lose electrons and pair up to form bromine molecules.

Question 20

Level 1 (1-2): Basic, isolated statement(s) about metals or electricity, with little or no reference to electrons or the structure of a metal.
Level 2 (3-4): Some relevant ideas about metals containing free-moving electrons are given, but the explanation of how this structure allows an electric current to flow is incomplete or not fully linked.
Level 3 (5-6): A clear, logically linked explanation of the structure of a metal (positive metal ions with free/delocalised electrons) and of how these free electrons are able to move through the structure and carry electrical charge, forming a current.
Indicative content:
- A metal is made up of a regular, closely packed arrangement (a giant structure/lattice) of positively charged metal ions.
- Some of the outer electrons from the metal atoms are not held tightly to one particular ion; instead, they become free (delocalised) and can move throughout the whole structure.
- This is sometimes described as a 'sea' of free electrons surrounding the fixed positive metal ions.
- When a voltage (potential difference) is applied across a piece of metal, these free electrons are able to drift/move through the structure from one end towards the other.
- A flow of charged particles (the moving electrons) through a material is what makes up an electric current, so the free electrons carry the current through the metal.
- Non-metal solids such as sulfur do not have this structure: their electrons are held in fixed positions (e.g. within covalent bonds) and are not free to move, so they cannot carry a current in this way, which is why they do not conduct electricity.

Question 21

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Ammeter

Question 22

B1 B cao
Answer: B) Light waves can travel through a vacuum, but sound waves cannot.

Question 23

(a) B1 field cao
(a) Answer: Field
(b) B1 north cao
(b) Answer: North

Question 24

(a) B1 the number of turns of wire wrapped around the nail oe
(a) Answer: The number of turns of wire wrapped around the nail.
(b) B1 any one of: the battery/cell used (the current supplied); the iron nail used; the type/thickness of wire; the way the paperclips were held up oe
(b) Answer: For example, the battery used to supply the current.
(c) B1 as the number of turns of wire increases, the number of paperclips picked up (the strength of the electromagnet) increases oe
(c) Answer: As the number of turns of wire increases, the strength of the electromagnet (the number of paperclips picked up) increases.
(d) B1 each turn of wire carrying a current produces its own small magnetic field; with more turns, these individual magnetic fields overlap and add together (reinforce each other), producing a stronger overall magnetic field around the nail oe
(d) Answer: Each turn of current-carrying wire produces its own small magnetic field; with more turns, these fields overlap and add together, producing a stronger overall magnetic field.

Question 25

(a) B1 kinetic energy (of the wind) is transferred to electrical energy oe
(a) Answer: Kinetic energy of the wind is transferred to electrical energy.
(b) B1 the rest of the energy is wasted, mostly transferred to heat (thermal energy) from friction in the bearings/gears, and to sound energy oe
(b) Answer: The rest of the energy is wasted, mostly as heat from friction in the bearings and gears, and as sound.
(c) B1 energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one store/form to another, so the total energy transferred (useful + wasted) equals the total kinetic energy supplied to the turbine's blades oe
(c) Answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred; the useful electrical energy plus the wasted energy equals the total energy supplied by the wind.

Question 26

M1 correct rearrangement/substitution: wavelength = wave speed / frequency = 340 / 340 oe
A1 1 m cao
Answer: 1 m

Question 27

(a) M1 correct substitution: moment = 25 x 0.4 oe
(a) A1 10 Nm cao
(a) Answer: 10 Nm
(b) M1 correct rearrangement/substitution: force = moment / distance = 10 / 0.5 oe (ft from (a))
(b) A1 20 N cao
(b) Answer: 20 N

Question 28

(a) B1 the angle of incidence oe
(a) Answer: The angle of incidence.
(b) B1 any one of: the glass block used; the ray box (light source) used; the position of the glass block oe
(b) Answer: For example, the glass block used.
(c) B1 as the angle of incidence increases, the angle of refraction also increases, but the angle of refraction is always smaller than the angle of incidence oe
(c) Answer: As the angle of incidence increases, the angle of refraction also increases, but it is always smaller than the angle of incidence.
(d) B1 light travels more slowly in glass than in air (glass is a denser/optically denser medium); this change in speed as the ray crosses the boundary at an angle causes it to change direction, bending towards the normal oe
(d) Answer: Light travels more slowly in glass than in air; this change in speed as the ray crosses the boundary at an angle causes it to bend towards the normal.

Question 29

(a) B1 the height from which the ball is dropped oe
(a) Answer: The height from which the ball is dropped.
(b) B1 any one of: the ball used; the surface/floor the ball is dropped onto; the way the ball is released (e.g. not thrown down) oe
(b) Answer: For example, the ball used.
(c) B1 as the drop height increases, the bounce height also increases, but the bounce height is always less than the drop height oe
(c) Answer: As the drop height increases, the bounce height also increases, but the bounce height is always less than the drop height.
(d) B1 when the ball hits the floor, some of its (gravitational potential/kinetic) energy is transferred to heat and sound energy, rather than being converted back into gravitational potential energy as it rises, so it cannot bounce back to its original height oe
(d) Answer: When the ball hits the floor, some of its energy is transferred to heat and sound rather than converting back into height, so it cannot bounce back to its original height.

Question 30

Level 1 (1-2): Basic, isolated statement(s) about the Earth, Sun, or seasons, with little or no reference to the Earth's tilt or to the angle/concentration of sunlight.
Level 2 (3-4): Some relevant ideas about the Earth's tilted axis or the changing angle of sunlight are given, but the explanation of how this causes warmer/colder, longer/shorter days is incomplete or not fully linked.
Level 3 (5-6): A clear, logically linked explanation of how the Earth's tilted axis causes each hemisphere to be angled towards or away from the Sun at different points in its orbit, and how this changes both the concentration of sunlight received and the length of daylight, causing the seasons.
Indicative content:
- The Earth's axis (the imaginary line it spins around) is tilted at an angle (about 23.5 degrees) relative to its orbit around the Sun.
- As the Earth orbits the Sun over the course of a year, this tilt stays pointing in the same direction in space, so each hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun for part of the year, and tilted away from it for the other part.
- When the UK's hemisphere (the Northern Hemisphere) is tilted towards the Sun, sunlight hits the surface at a more direct angle, so the same amount of the Sun's energy is spread over a smaller area, making it more concentrated/intense (and passes through less atmosphere); this, together with longer daylight hours, causes summer.
- When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, sunlight hits the surface at a more indirect (shallower) angle, so the same energy is spread over a larger area, making it less concentrated (and passes through more atmosphere); this, together with shorter daylight hours, causes winter.
- Because it is the tilt of the Earth's axis, not its distance from the Sun, that causes this effect, the two hemispheres experience opposite seasons at the same time (e.g. it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere while it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere).

Science: Full Practice Paper 9 - Worksheets, Questions and Revision

CE.S-T9 Science: Full Practice Paper 9

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Question 30